A Historical Journey: When Working While in College Became a Cultural Norm

Before the 20th century, university education was restricted to the wealthy, as these individuals and their families could afford the substantial tuition and living expenses. However, with the advent of policies such as Affirmative Action, Equal Rights, and the implementation of Pell Grants and student loans, the landscape of higher education changed dramatically, making it accessible to a broader demographic, including the poor and working-class individuals.

Historical Context

Historically, in the 13th and 14th centuries, the University of Paris saw the majority of its students holding minor positions such as deacons or lower ranks within the Church. This indicates that even early in university education, students faced economic pressures and often had to earn some form of income.

Evolution of College Attainment

Significant changes occurred in the 20th century. Policies like the GI Bill following World War II allowed returning veterans to pursue higher education, emphasizing the growing trend of working students. By the 1950s, my father worked while attending college, and this trend continued into the 1970s and 1980s when my wife and I did the same.

Modern Era: 2010s and Beyond

The 2010s witnessed another wave of working students, as our children attended universities while juggling part-time or even full-time jobs. However, the question arises: when did working while in college become a cultural norm?

Education Equity and Financial Strain

As university education became more accessible, financial strain became a significant barrier. For those from less affluent backgrounds, working proved necessary to meet living expenses. This shift altered the college experience, making work an integral part of the academic journey.

Perceptions and Reality

While many non-wealthy students are currently working to pay for their education, the inherent class divide persists. The phrase “looking down one’s nose at the unwashed” is often used, but it mainly serves as a pretentious form of self-aggrandizement. It holds no genuine meaning and detracts from the core purpose of higher education.

Data and Analysis

A recent Georgetown report revealed that 70 percent of full-time college students today work. However, the number of full-time workers has decreased over the decades: from 40 percent in the late 1980s to 26 percent in 2012. This suggests that students are more likely to work part-time while pursuing their degrees.

Conclusion

The cultural norm of working while in college has evolved over centuries. From the early Church-based roles to the modern working-student journey, the journey reflects the changing economic landscape and the increasing accessibility of higher education. Understanding this history can help us appreciate the nuances of current college life and the evolving norms around work and study.

Keywords: working while in college, cultural norm, university education