Agastya and Agattiyar in Tamil Literature and Tradition
Introduction
Agastya, also referred to as Agattiyar, is a significant figure in Tamil literature and tradition often regarded as a sage who contributed to Tamil grammar and literature. This article delves into the mentions and influence of Agastya/Agattiyar in ancient Tamil texts, focusing primarily on the Tolkappiam, and explores other important works and cultural contexts.
The Role of Agastya in Tamil Literature and Tradition
Agastya, often revered as the founder of the Tamil language and literature, is a key figure in many Tamil texts and traditions. He is recognized as a sage who brought knowledge and wisdom to the Tamil-speaking regions, contributing significantly to their cultural and spiritual heritage.
The Tolkappiam and Agastya
Tolkappiam, an ancient Tamil grammatical text dating back to approximately 300 BCE to 300 CE, does not explicitly mention Agastya by name. However, the principles and teachings attributed to Agastya are believed to have influenced the grammatical framework of the Tolkappiam. Scholars often suggest that the core concepts of Tamil grammar found in the Tolkappiam may have their roots in Agastya's teachings, even though he is not directly named in the text.
Other Older Texts and Agastya
Agastya is referenced in various other Tamil texts and mythological narratives. In the Silappatikaram, one of the five great epics of Tamil literature, he is depicted as a prominent sage. He is also mentioned in the Manimekalai, another valuable work of Tamil literature. Furthermore, he features in the Puranas and Tamil folk traditions, where he is celebrated as a sage who brought knowledge and wisdom to the Tamil people.
The Cultural Influence of Agastya
Agastya is often associated with the creation of the Tamil language and is revered in various cultural and religious contexts, including the worship of Agastya in temples. Despite not being directly mentioned in some of the earliest texts, his influence permeates Tamil literature and culture, underscoring his importance in the literary and spiritual heritage of Tamil Nadu.
The Historical Context of Agastya and Tolkappiam
The Tolkappiam is the only literature known to belong to a well-established historical period. Some Tamil literature is said to be older than the Tolkappiam and is associated with the Sangam period, but the authenticity of their time-line remains debated. Tholkappiar, the author of the Tolkappiam, has even rejected Agathiyar as a Northerner, not crediting him as a Tamil peer.
Agathiyar's contributions to Tamil may not be brushed aside solely on the basis of mythological references. While his time in the history has no concrete evidence, some literature do mention his name. Therefore, despite the lack of definitive historical evidence, Agastya/Agattiyar remains a significant and revered figure in Tamil literature and tradition.
In conclusion, while Agastya may not be directly mentioned in some of the earliest texts, his influence is deeply ingrained in Tamil literature and culture, making him an important figure in the literary and spiritual heritage of Tamil Nadu.