Introduction

The conquest of Greece by the Romans in the 2nd century BCE marked a significant shift in the political landscape of the ancient world. While some viewed this as a calamity, the Chronicles of Rome, written by the Greek historian Polybius, provides a nuanced perspective on the impact and subsequent feelings of the ancient Greeks.

Initial Resistance

When the Romans began their conquest of Greek territories, resistance from various Greek city-states was intense. Notable battles, such as the Battle of Corinth in 146 BCE, led to the annexation of Greece as a province. Despite Roman military success, this initial phase was marked by significant opposition from the Greeks.

Cultural Pride and Identity

Despite the political subjugation, the ancient Greeks maintained a strong sense of cultural identity. Their contributions to fields such as philosophy, language, and art continued to thrive even under Roman rule. Educated Romans admired and adopted many aspects of Greek culture, leading to a rich period of cultural exchange. This coexistence fostered complex relationships where some Greeks felt a sense of pride in their cultural heritage.

Economic and Social Changes

While cultural pride was upheld, economic and social changes were profound. Some Greeks benefitted from increased trade opportunities and infrastructural advancements brought by the Romans. However, others faced challenges such as heavy taxation and loss of political autonomy. These varied experiences contributed to the diversity of feelings among the Greeks about their new rulers.

Mixed Sentiments and Adaptation

Over time, sentiments shifted. Those who resented Roman authority, especially after events like the sack of Corinth, continued to oppose them. However, many Greeks adapted to the new political framework. Some elites even collaborated with Roman authorities, leading to a degree of local governance and influence. By the time of the Roman Empire and particularly during the Pax Romana, many Greeks enjoyed relative peace and stability. The spread of Roman citizenship and the integration of Greek cities into the broader empire further complicated these identities, with some Greeks embracing their status as subjects of Rome.

Conclusion

The response of the ancient Greeks to Roman rule was multifaceted, encompassing resistance, cultural pride, adaptation, and eventual acceptance. Local circumstances and historical developments played significant roles in shaping these varied responses.