Are Anubis and Horus Brothers? Exploring Their Relationships in Ancient Egyptian Mythology

In ancient Egyptian mythology, Anubis the jackal-headed god and Horus the falcon-headed god are both significant figures. Contrary to popular belief, they are not considered brothers. The gods hold distinct roles and origins, as detailed in the myths and legends of ancient Egypt.

Mythical Roles and Origins

Anubis is the god associated with mummification and the afterlife. He is often depicted as a jackal or a man with a jackal head. According to the myth, Anubis was the son of the god Osiris and the goddess Nephthys. Nephthys sought to conceive the god Osiris, but he had already married Isis. She tricked Osiris into coming to her by revealing her identity and he spent time with her, resulting in Anubis.

Contrarily, Horus is portrayed as a sky god and is often associated with kingship and protection. He is usually depicted as a falcon or a man with a falcon head and is the son of Osiris and the goddess Isis. Horus, being the protective avenger of his father, undertakes the task of avenging his father's death and fights with his uncle Set to avenge Osiris.

Interesting Details About Their Gods

One of the most intriguing aspects of ancient Egyptian mythology is the complexity of relationships between deities. There are instances where they are not just brothers or father-sons, but half-brothers. This particular relationship is part of a more nuanced narrative of divine roles and the cosmic order.

According to one myth, Horus's father was indeed Set (Sut), not Osiris. However, in a different myth, Horus’s father is Osiris. When Isis, Horus's mother, was unable to revive Osiris physically, she honored his memory by making him the Neter (god) of the dead, and Osiris impregnated Nephthys (Anubis's mother), creating Anubis. This myth adds a layer of complexity to the relationship between Anubis and Horus and highlights the interconnectedness of the gods.

In another fascinating myth, Set (Sut) carries out an act of infidelity, raping Isis to conceive Horus. This demonstrates a different form of paternity and adds a dark undertone to the family dynamics among the gods. Interestingly, this tale again connects the two deities through their fathers through their mothers.

Metamorphosis and the Two Lands

To further complicate their relationship, Set and Horus later merge into one, symbolizing the unity of the Two Lands (Upper and Lower Egypt) in ancient Egypt. This fusion can be seen as a metaphor for the unification of the two parts of the country and the completion of the ancient Kushite process of God becoming All.

The Greeks, in their turn, named their god Horus as Heracles (Hercules), which comes from the ancient Greek word héors meaning "two." However, the name Heracles is also a metaphor for a powerful hero who embodies strength and valor. This further adds a layer of cultural exchange and interpretation to the figure of Horus.

Conclusion

In conclusion, while Anubis and Horus are notably important deities within the ancient Egyptian pantheon, their familial relationships do not equate to brotherhood. Their roles and origins diverge, demonstrating the unique mythologies and connections within ancient Egyptian religious beliefs. Understanding the intricacies and exchanges between different cultures and their gods allows for a deeper appreciation of the rich tapestry of ancient mythology.