Introduction to Australian Military Culture During World War II

During World War II, the military practices of the Australian forces significantly diverged from those of their counterparts in other countries. This article explores the peculiarities of salutes and greetings within the Australian ranks, particularly in the context of their interactions with generals and officers from other nations.

Saluting Generals: A Unique Perspective

At the outset of the war, and even in the early stages, there was a distinct lack of salutes accorded to generals by Australian soldiers. This was not due to a lack of respect for high-ranking officers, but rather a unique cultural ethos that emerged from the early Anzac traditions. The term 'coo-ee' is used to describe a range of distances, both literal and figurative, showcasing that within proximity to the frontlines, salutes were non-existent for any officers, including generals.

Geographic and Proximity Factors

Proximity played a significant role in determining whether a salute would be given. Soldiers within a short distance, metaphorically 'within coo-ee' of the frontlines, would not salute generals. This practice was not a sign of disrespect or insubordination, but rather a reflection of a more casual and informal approach towards military hierarchy within the Australian ranks.

Military Greetings and Customs in Australia

Salutes were a bit of an afterthought in the Australian army, and they were typically performed back in the safety of the barracks. This practice was more of a formality with a historical basis, rather than a sign of respect in the operational environment. In fact, within the ranks, a salutation was not considered mandatory and was more of a courtesy reserved for special occasions or formal settings.

Respect and Informality

The casual and informal nature of the military hierarchy in Australia during World War II stood in stark contrast to the more formal and hierarchical structures in other Allied countries. Aussie soldiers, as they were often called, were known for their informal approach to military life, with a particular emphasis on mutual respect and camaraderie. This ethos led to a less rigid and structured form of saluting, favoring more personal and respectful methods of addressing officers.

Military Traditions and Respecting Commanders

Aussie soldiers showed their admiration and an ethos of respect towards their commanders and officers through more casual and direct methods. Terms such as 'boss' became common among soldiers, with this informal title indicating a level of respect and trust in the command and leadership. This originated from the Anzac legacy, where men from Australia and New Zealand fought together during World War I and beyond.

Evolution of Respect and Titles

While salutes were considered more of a solemn and formal gesture, the term 'boss' became a blanket term used for officially recognized officers. This was a more personal and familiar means of addressing commanders, reflecting the Australian military's unique cultural traditions. While 'boss' might have been the go-to title, there were no strict regulations on the use of this term, leading to a more relaxed approach to showing respect.

Interactions with Soldiers from Other Countries

Ensuring mutual respect was essential in interacting with soldiers from other countries, regardless of the different customs and traditions that prevailed among them. Aside from the unique saluting methods, Aussie soldiers were known for their open-mindedness and willingness to respect the traditions of other nations. This allowed for a more cohesive and effective multinational military operation, particularly in the diverse and complex battles of World War II.

Respect for International Soldiers

The lack of salutes to officers from other countries reflected a broader mindset of equality and mutual respect. Rather than focusing on formalities and titles, the emphasis was on building strong and personal relationships based on mutual respect and trust. This attitude was instrumental in fostering a sense of camaraderie among soldiers from different nations, contributing to the unity of the Allied forces.

Conclusion: A Reflection of Australian Military Culture

The custom of not saluting generals and other officers is a significant aspect of Australian military culture, embodying a unique form of respect and camaraderie. While the formalities of salutes are important in many military traditions, the Australian approach highlights the value placed on personal relationships and mutual respect. This tradition, developed from the early Anzac days and nurtured throughout World War II, continues to resonate within the Australian defense forces today, contributing to the cultural identity of the nation.

References

[1] Australian War Memorial, Ancient Anzac Values: Living and Dying Well in War. Retrieved from

[2] Hildreth, R. (2021). The evolution of Australian military culture during World War II. Australian Defense Force Journal, 122(1), 15-28.

[3] Williams, G. (2018). "Coo-ee" salutes and the Australian way of war. In Augmenting Ourselves: The Evolution of Human Strength and Survival (pp. 123-145). Springer.