Bees in Iceland: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction

Iceland, a land of rugged landscapes, Arctic beauty, and lush floral diversity, is often erroneously associated with barren terrain. Contrary to popular misconceptions, it is home to a variety of bees, both indigenous and introduced. This guide aims to delve into the fascinating world of bees that call Iceland their home.

Are There Bees in Iceland?

Yes, there are indeed bees in Iceland. The misconception that there are none arises from the country's harsh climate and sparse vegetation, leading to perceptions of barrenness. Yet, the appearance of bees, especially during the summer months, brings life to the predominantly green landscapes of the island nation.

While specific flora limits bee populations, the bees that do exist have adapted to the challenge and managed to survive and contribute to the island's ecological system. This article explores the types of bees, their introduction, and their significance in Icelandic ecosystems.

Native and Introduced Bee Species

Surprisingly, Iceland is home to only one species of bees that are truly native. This unique species, Bombus jonellus, belongs to the genus Bombus and the Apinae subfamily. Additionally, there is reasonable doubt regarding the existence of another species, Andrena tarsata, which was mentioned by SCHMIEDEKNECHT 1882–1884.

The Honeybee: Apis mellifera

Although honeybees (Apis mellifera) are present in Iceland, they were introduced in the 19th century and are managed by beekeepers. These honeybees are the most common domesticated species found in greenhouses and managed colonies. However, no wild colonies of honeybees have yet established themselves in the wild.

Bumblebees: Vital Pollinators

Bumblebees play a crucial role in pollination in Iceland. Several species of bumblebees have been introduced over the years, including:

Bombus jonellus - Likely present since human settlement B. hortorum - Introduced in 1959 B. lucorum - Introduced in 1979 B. hypnorum - Introduced in 2008 B. pascuorum - Introduced in 2010

These introduced bumblebee species have not only supplemented the indigenous population but also contributed significantly to pollination efforts in Iceland. Their presence in the country is a testament to the interplay between human intervention and environmental adaptation.

Bees in Iceland at a Glance

The current population of bees in Iceland numbers around 100 beekeepers tending to approximately 300 hives. Despite this, the presence of bees in Iceland is not in danger, and the country has several managed colonies of both native and introduced species.

The island's climate and flora present unique challenges, yet the bees that have managed to thrive contribute to the ecological balance. Whether through managed colonies or wild ones, bees in Iceland play a vital role in preserving local biodiversity and supporting the island's agricultural and natural ecosystems.

Conclusion

While many may believe Iceland to be a barren and inhospitable environment for bees, the reality is quite different. The presence of bees, both native and introduced, highlights the resilience and adaptability of these crucial pollinators. Understanding the types of bees found in Iceland and their significance can help preserve these essential species and support the island's unique biodiversity.