Behind the Scenes: The Meticulous Curation Process of Museum Exhibits and Artifacts

The captivating exhibits and awe-inspiring artifacts that grace the halls of museums are the result of a complex and detailed curation process. As a conservator specializing in archaeology and metals, I have had the privilege of witnessing and participating in these meticulously orchestrated endeavors. This article delves into the various facets of museum curation, providing insights into the meticulous processes that ensure the preservation and display of invaluable historical and cultural treasures.

Engineering the Exhibits: Quality-Applied Standards

One of the primary goals of museum curation is to protect and showcase artifacts in a manner that reflects their true historical and cultural significance. To achieve this, every aspect of the museum environment, from lighting to air quality, is carefully controlled and monitored. Just as a Rolls Royce is meticulously engineered to provide a perfect driving experience, museum cases are also engineered to a high standard, with features such as their own air conditioning units to maintain ideal conditions for the preservation of exhibits.

The Oddy Test: Ensuring Safety and Health

The Oddy Test, named after the pioneering museum scientist Andrew Oddy, is a critical component of the curation process. This test ensures that materials used in the construction of museum cases do not off-gas harmful substances that could harm the artifacts. By subjecting these materials to a climate-controlled environment that mimics the conditions within a museum, conservators can identify any potentially harmful materials and take necessary precautions. This rigorous testing is just one example of the commitment to preserving the integrity of the items on display.

Monitoring Environmental Conditions

The delicate nature of museum artifacts necessitates constant monitoring of lighting, humidity, and pollution levels. Changes in these factors can significantly affect the longevity and appearance of the artifacts. For instance, light can cause fading and yellowing, while excessive humidity can lead to the growth of mold and bacteria. Pollution, whether from the environment or indoor sources, can also erode and damage delicate materials. Conservators use a variety of monitoring tools and techniques to keep these conditions in check, ensuring that the artifacts remain in optimal condition.

Preparation for the Unpredictable: Disaster Plans

In addition to daily monitoring, museums must also prepare for potential disasters that could compromise the integrity of their collections. A well-crafted disaster plan is essential to minimize the damage and downtime in the event of an incident. Regular training and drills are conducted to ensure that staff are prepared to act quickly and effectively in case of a spill, fire, or other emergency. By taking proactive measures, museums can significantly reduce the risk of incidents and ensure the safety of their valuable collections.

Common Conditions Affecting Artifacts

Museum artifacts can suffer from a variety of conditions, each with its own unique challenges. For example, shells can be affected by Byne's disease, a mineralogical process that can cause them to disintegrate. Leather artifacts are particularly vulnerable to red rot, where the once-flexible material deteriorates into a powder-like substance. Similarly, fossils can be at risk from pyrite formation, which can lead to their disintegration. Copper and bronze artifacts are susceptible to a condition known as "copper disease," which can transform these metals into piles of green powder. Lead artifacts, when exposed to organic acids, can suffer from a condition known as lead disease, where the lead evolves into powdery minerals such as hydrocerrusite and cerrusite. Iron artifacts can also be prone to rust, which can cause them to crumble and disintegrate over time.

The Role of Modern Material and Preservation

In a broader context, even modern materials and practices can pose challenges to the preservation of artifacts. For instance, paper produced today is often acid-pulped, which means it contains a built-in formula that can ultimately cause its deterioration. This realization highlights the need for ongoing research and innovation in the field of conservation. For example, in the 1980s, I had the opportunity to observe the set-up of a preservation lab at the British Library, where 70 technicians worked diligently to preserve 70 years' worth of backlog. Such endeavors underscore the importance of continuous effort and improvement in the preservation of our cultural heritage.

Conclusion

The curation process of museum exhibits and artifacts is a multifaceted and intricate endeavor that requires the expertise of conservators, scientists, and curators. From the careful selection of materials to the implementation of disaster plans, every decision made in this process is crucial to the long-term preservation of our cultural and historical legacy. As we continue to learn and adapt, the preservation of these treasures becomes not just a responsibility, but a duty to future generations.