Does/Cast Caste System and Untouchability Exist in Nepal?

Nepal, a culturally rich and diverse country, has a complex history of social stratification, particularly through the caste system. The caste system in Nepal spans a vast array of ethnic and religious identities, with varying degrees of social segregation and discrimination.

The Caste Hierarchy in Nepal

The caste system in Nepal is intricate, with different groups holding varying positions in the societal hierarchy. At the top are the 'Chhetris' and 'Brahmans,' who are historically regarded as higher castes benefiting from privileges and leadership roles. Following them are the 'Janajatis' and other 'tribal ethnicities,' while the 'Dalits' are often considered the lowest in the societal structure.

The following table provides a visual representation of the caste distribution in Nepal:

Caste/Group Description Chhetris and Brahmins Top of the caste pyramid, enjoying higher social status and privileges. Janajatis and Other Tribal Ethnicities Followed by various Janajatis and tribal groups. Dalits Categorized as the lowest and often subjected to discrimination and untouchability. Muslim Elites High-caste Muslims, including Bhumihars, Pundits, and Kayasthas. Shudras/Dalits Approximately 25% of the population, often still discriminated against.

The complexity of Nepal's caste structure is further evident in the presence of numerous smaller groups, such as the Kiratas, Bhumi Baniyas, Ranas and others, each with their unique characteristics and standing within the caste hierarchy.

Untouchability in Nepal

Untouchability, while not as prevalent as it once was, still exists in rural Nepal. Historically, the 'Dalits' were often subjected to social and economic discrimination, leading to their marginalization. This practice of untouchability has been a significant issue, affecting the socio-economic well-being of millions of people.

Constitutional Reforms and Proportional Representation

Nepal’s new constitution, implemented to address caste-based discrimination, introduces an innovative system of proportional representation. The new constitution mandates that 40% of the members in the lower assembly and all government institutions should be elected/selected based on proportional representation. The remaining 60% are chosen through the 'first-past-the-post' system.

This dual system aims to ensure a balanced and inclusive representation of Nepal's diverse population. While the 'first-past-the-post' system promotes competition and ensures the emergence of talented individuals, the proportional representation system guarantees that no group is left out of the political process. Such a high level of proportional representation is unique not only in Asia but globally, setting Nepal apart in this regard.

The efforts made by Nepal to address caste-based discrimination are noteworthy. Despite past issues, the commitment to inclusion and representation through constitutional changes signals positive strides towards a more equitable society.

Nepal’s journey towards addressing historical injustices and fostering social harmony is a commendable one. While challenges remain, the measures taken so far indicate a genuine commitment to equality and justice for all.