Understanding the Complex Relationship Between Christian People of the Caucasus and Russian Domination

Throughout history, the communities of Armenia and Georgia have maintained a rich Christian heritage, significantly predating the formation of the Russian state. This article delves into the intricate dynamics between these regions and their relationship with Russia, exploring the impact of Russian influence and the enduring ties that continue to exist between these communities and Russia today.

The Historical Context of Christianity in the Caucasus

Armenia and Georgia were among the first regions to officially adopt Christianity, with the Armenian Orthodox Church being established around the 4th century, making it approximately twice as old as the Russian Orthodox Church, which was established around the year 988. The Georgian Orthodox Church, in contrast, traces its origins back even further, with its establishment dating back to the 4th century as well, giving it about 15 times the age of the Russian church.

Despite their shared Christian roots, the geographical and historical contexts have shaped the unique relationship between these communities and Russia. Traditionally Christian societies, these regions have maintained a deep connection to their faith, making any thought of abandoning it deeply unsettling.

Russian Domination: Reality vs. Perception

While Armenia and Georgia are both part of the Eurasian Union and have maintained close ties with Russia, the perception of Russian domination is often complex and nuanced. Russia’s influence is most pronounced in Armenia, where it is actively involved in various sectors, including business and political affairs. Despite this, Georgia has maintained a pro-Western stance and is not under direct Russian control.

Nevertheless, the influence of Russian businesses, especially those owned by Armenian individuals, continues to be significant in Armenia. This reflects a complex interplay between economic interests and political stances in these regions.

Maintaining Cultural Identity AmidstExternal Influence

Both Armenia and Georgia have a strong historical and cultural identity rooted in their Middle Eastern and Mediterranean surroundings, which has helped them maintain a distinct cultural profile even as they have interacted with Russia and other external influences.

Geographically, the Caucasus Mountains serve as a natural barrier, limiting the intensity of Russian influence. This has allowed for the preservation of original cultural and social structures within these societies.

The Role of Russo-Armenian and Russo-Georgian Relations

Historically, Russia has played a significant role in protecting these regions from various threats, including the Ottoman empire and later the Turkish and Azerbaijani forces. This historical support has created a sense of gratitude and dependence.

During the Soviet era, many prominent figures from Armenia and Georgia excelled in the Russian empire, contributing to various fields such as politics, arts, and the military. Notable figures like Bagration Stalin and the painter Aivazovsky exemplify the strong connections and shared achievements between these communities and Russia.

Post-Soviet Relations and Nationalism

With the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, Armenia and Georgia experienced significant political and social changes. The ethnic elites in these regions began to assert their independence and took advantage of the chaos in Moscow to pursue their national interests.

Since then, Armenia has aligned itself closely with Russia, hoping for protection from perceived threats, including attacks from Turkey and Azerbaijan. In contrast, Georgia has maintained a pro-Western stance, often expressing frustration with Russian support for separatist minorities in Abkhazia and Ossetia.

Interestingly, even in the modern context, much of Russian propaganda and nationalist rhetoric in Armenia and Georgia is often shaped or supported by Armenians and Georgians, respectively, highlighting the complex and multifaceted nature of these relationships.

Notable Historical Collaborations

At the Yalta Conference in 1945, Stalin, serving as the representative of the Soviet Union, delighted in sharing Georgian food and Armenians served Armenian cognac, symbolizing the close ties that existed between these regions and the broader Soviet narrative of unity and collaboration.

Despite the challenges and diverging nationalistic narratives, the shared cultural and historical heritage continues to influence the relationship between Armenia and Georgia with Russia, showcasing the enduring impact of their Christian and cultural traditions.