Distribution Methods for Zines in 1970s England: A Comprehensive Guide

During the 1970s, the world of fanzines in England was as diverse and dynamic as the creative minds that produced them. From mimeo and photocopied sheets to more organized distribution methods, this period saw a range of ways to share and distribute these unique publications. Let's delve into the various distribution methods that were popular during that era.

DIY Techniques: Mimeo and Photocopiers

For those involved in the zine scene, particularly in the realm of science fiction and music, the mimeograph (mimeo) and photocopiers were essential tools. These methods allowed for the quick production of affordable and accessible zines. Mimeo machines were often used to create fanzines, which would be mimeo'd and distributed among communities at conventions, gigs, or clubs. The mimeo process involved transferring text and images to a stencil, which was then placed under a rotating drum that applied ink to the paper. This method allowed for the mass production of paper-based zines using only a modest amount of equipment and materials. However, there were limitations, such as the quality of the printed pages, which could suffer from ink bleed or inconsistent text clarity. Despite these challenges, mimeo was the go-to means for distribution in many underground scenes, especially in smaller communities.

Photocopiers were also widely used in the 1970s, offering a more modern and convenient option compared to the mimeo. They could produce more consistent and higher quality pages, though they were slightly more expensive. Typically, photocopied zines cost about 5 pence per sheet. Nevertheless, for the fanzine community, this was still an accessible and viable option for producing and distributing their work. The flexibility and ease of use of photocopiers made them a popular choice for both users and creators in the zine scene.

Conventions and Live Events

One of the primary ways zines were distributed during the 1970s was through conventions, gigs, and live events. For fanzines related to science fiction, attending conventions such as Worldcon could be a major opportunity for sharing and trading zines. At these events, zine makers could sell or swap their creations with fellow enthusiasts. Similarly, in the music world, zines were often sold or given away at gigs, with fans and musicians alike exchanging and reading these publications throughout various performances and meetups. This grassroots distribution method was highly effective in engaging and connecting communities of like-minded individuals.

Additionally, single copies of zines were sometimes distributed at the one-off events where the zine's creator happened to be present. This ensured that even if the zine was not produced in large quantities, it still reached a targeted audience. For example, if a music zine maker attended a specific gig, they might hand out copies of their zine to the audience. This method relied heavily on the personal connections and the presence of the creator at relevant events.

Organized Distribution Networks

While self-distribution and community sharing were prevalent, there were also more organized distribution networks in place. Many magazines and zines would arrive in larger towns and cities via road or train, usually by van, and be distributed to smaller distribution companies. From there, they would be taken to local newsagents and other retail outlets, making them available for purchase in the morning. This systematic approach allowed for a broader and more structured distribution, ensuring that zines could be accessed by a wider audience.

The process involved a series of organized steps, including:

Logistics of transportation Careful coordination between distribution companies and retail outlets Efficient inventory management to ensure that the zines were continuously available Clear lines of communication to manage any issues or changes in the distribution schedule

Despite the logistical challenges, the well-organized yet flexible nature of the distribution network contributed significantly to the success and reach of zines during this period.

Conclusion

The 1970s saw the zine scene in England thrive through a variety of distribution methods, each with its unique advantages and limitations. Whether it was through personal connections, conventions, or organized networks, the reach and impact of zines were broadened, fostering a strong sense of community among enthusiasts. Today, these methods continue to inspire modern indie publishing and fan communities, highlighting the enduring influence of this era.