Exploring the Differences Between Elvish and Elven in Tolkien's Works

When exploring J.R.R. Tolkien's fascinating world, readers often encounter two terms that might seem synonymous at first glance: Elvish and Elven. However, in Tolkien's literary universe, these terms have different meanings and usages. This article delves into the nuances and distinctions between Elvish and Elven in Tolkien's works, providing insights into the usage and implications of these terms.

The Term Elvish: Languages Spoken by the Elves

In The Lord of the Rings and The Silmarillion, the term Elvish primarily refers to the languages spoken by the Elves, specifically Quenya and Sindarin. Quenya, also known as High Elven, is an epic and formal language, while Sindarin is a more everyday dialect, reflecting the diverse linguistic and cultural complexities of Tolkien's created world. When referring to the language spoken in The Lord of the Rings or in discussions of Elvish tongues, one would use the term Elvish.

The Term Elven: Characteristics and Adjective Form

On the other hand, Elven is more commonly used as an adjective to describe the qualities or characteristics of Elves. This term can refer to the race itself or their traits, such as grace, beauty, or other inherent qualities associated with the Elves. For example, an Elven ring is a ring with an essentially Elven nature: it is one made by Elves and for the purposes of Elves. Similarly, a character like Aragorn might be referred to as an "elvish wight" in a dismissive or suspicious manner, indicating that he is seen as having an elvish essence or connection.

The Dwarves and Khuzdul

It is important to note that the Dwarves of Middle-earth spoke a distinct language called Khuzdul. This language was kept secret from outsiders as it contained ancient knowledge about their history and culture. Khuzdul is known for its complexity and slow evolution, with very few Dwarves being trained to understand or speak it. Furthermore, it was rarely written down, adding to its intricacies and mystique within the world of Middle-earth.

Language and suffix Identification

In English, the "-en" suffix generally references the essential nature of the object. For instance, "golden" or "wooden" indicate the fundamental attributes of the object. When referring to an Elvish ring, the term "Elvish" indicates that the ring is made by and for Elves, thus emphasizing its essential nature and inherent connection to the Elves.

The "-ish" suffix, on the other hand, references a similarity or derivation from the object, especially in the context of languages. For example, "English" and "Spanish" are derived from Old English and Classical Spanish, respectively. When a character like Aragorn is referred to as an "elvish wight," it suggests a resemblance to or an element of Elvish nature rather than an inherent connection. This usage implies that Aragorn might have some qualities associated with Elves, even if he is not one.

Overlap and Prof. Tolkien's Usage

While there can be considerable overlap in the usage of these suffixes, it is presumed that Prof. Tolkien used -en to refer to essential nature and -ish to refer to derivation, influence, or resemblance to that which is Elven. This distinction highlights the complexity of language within Tolkien's works and the subtle differences in meaning that can arise from slight variations in suffixes.

Conclusion

Understanding the differences between Elvish and Elven in Tolkien's works is crucial for appreciating the depth and richness of his literary creation. From the distinct languages spoken by the Elves to the derived terms used to describe their qualities, every detail in Tolkien's universe contributes to a tapestry of fantastical lore. By exploring these nuances, readers can gain a deeper appreciation for the intricate and multifaceted world that Tolkien crafted.

Key takeaway points:

Elvish refers to languages spoken by the Elves like Quenya and Sindarin. Elven is used as an adjective to describe characteristics or qualities of Elves. Khuzdul is the secret language of the Dwarves, known for its complexity and secrecy. -en refers to essential nature, and -ish refers to derivation or resemblance.