Heidegger's Philosophical Influences and Connections: A Comprehensive Analysis

Through his exposure to Catholic theology, medieval philosophy, and the works of Franz Brentano, Martin Heidegger, the famous German philosopher (1889–1966), was introduced to Aristotle in his young adulthood. The 1920s were pivotal for the development of Aristotle's philosophy, which significantly influenced areas such as ethics, logic, and metaphysics. Heidegger's work, while closely linked to phenomenology and existentialism, should be examined with great caution and qualification. His ideas have had a fundamental impact not only on modern European philosophy but also in fields as diverse as architectural theory.

Philosophical Growth and Influences

Heidegger's philosophical growth was ignited and driven by Aristotle's demand in the Metaphysics to understand what unifies all conceivable modes of Being. This question resonated deeply with his later work, particularly the Being and Time, which was greatly influenced by the teachings and research of his mentor, Edmund Husserl. Husserl began working at Freiburg in 1915, and Heidegger was hired as his assistant in 1919. Heidegger taught at the University of Marburg from 1923 to 1928, during what is often remembered as his "brilliant spell," before returning to Freiburg. His influence and critical interactions with Husserl gave rise to Heidegger's most renowned work, Being and Time (Sein und Zeit).

Being and Time (first published in 1927) is widely regarded as one of the most important works in the canon of contemporary European or Continental philosophy. It propelled Heidegger to a global position of intellectual prominence and served as the philosophical foundation for a number of later initiatives and concepts. Notable figures influenced by Heidegger include Jean-Paul Sartre, with his existentialism, Hans-Georg Gadamer, with his philosophical hermeneutics, and Jacques Derrida, with his concept of The Other.

Intellectual Stimulation and Nazi Affiliation

The Nazi affiliation of Heidegger had a negative impact on his life. However, a more challenging question is whether and, if so, to what extent it casts a shadow over his intellectual work. Ignoring the connection between Heidegger's politics and philosophy would be reckless. However, it is possible to be deeply and intellectually stimulated by his sustained investigation into Being, to value his ability to think deeply about human life, to engage in fruitful debates with his ideas, and to appreciate his significant contribution to thought and thinking without constantly searching for signs of Nazism.

Heidegger's Views on Human Beings

Heidegger defines the human being as a Da-sein (being-there), with the unique ability to forget who they truly are, turn away from Being, and lose their humanity. This is the state of many modern humans who have abandoned genuine inquiries into their existence in favor of prefabricated explanations provided by ideologies, the media, and overwhelming technology. His philosophy encourages a return to the question of Being, emphasizing a need for openness to and reflection on what is closest to us—Being itself.

According to Heidegger, paradoxically, the concept of reason has evolved to such an extent that it transforms all aspects of human life through education. However, he argues that we need more openness to and reflection on what is closest to us—Being—rather than more calculative reasoning. Heidegger's aim is to refocus humanity, particularly modern individuals, on the question of essence and existence. This reflects a shift from the traditional view of humans as beings with animal reason to a more profound and reflective understanding of humanity.

The emphasis on true love for all from humanity for humanity underscores Heidegger's philosophy. He argues that genuine inquiries into existence are essential to maintain our humanity and prevent the loss of it in an increasingly technological and ideologically-driven world.

This analysis provides insight into the complex interplay between Heidegger's philosophical development, his mentorship, and the enduring impact of his ideas. It also addresses the critical question of the relationship between his political beliefs and his intellectual work, indicating that engagement with his philosophy does not necessarily require a denunciation of his past affiliations.