How Did Austrians Fight the Anschluss: The Integration of Austria into Nazi Germany

Introduction

The integration of Austria into Nazi Germany, or the Anschluss, was a pivotal event in European history that occurred in 1938. Contrary to popular belief, the majority of Austrians did not resist this annexation. However, there were notable instances of resistance and the reasons behind the lack of military resistance are explored in this article.

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Understanding the Context of the Anschluss

The Great Depression of the 1930s had a profound impact on Austria. Food was scarce, and unemployment was rampant, leading to widespread poverty. In contrast, neighboring Germany appeared prosperous, with cars, radios, and other luxuries. Many Austrians believed that joining with Germany could alleviate their economic woes and this sentiment contributed to their passive acceptance of the Anschluss.

The Reception of the Anschluss

When the Nazis rolled into Vienna, initial reactions were mixed. Crowds salute the invaders, Nazi flags fly from buildings, and soldiers march through the streets with no resistance. The Austrian leader, Dr. Arthur Seyss-Inquart, even makes a public salute from the balcony of the Chancellery. This scene shows how the public received the annexation with varying degrees of approval.

Visual Documentation of the Anschluss

Historical videos and documentaries depict the Wehrmacht entering Austria with great enthusiasm. The lack of resistance is clearly illustrated, and even some Viennese 'celebrated' by forcing Jewish residents to sweep the streets with toothbrushes. Despite this, it is important to recognize that the initial reception was characterized by a high level of ecstatic support.

The Reality of the Situation

Despite the apparent enthusiasm of the masses, the Austrian government's lack of military resistance was a significant factor. The Great Depression left the country economically devastated, and many Austrians saw joining the seemingly prosperous Germany as a way to improve their economic situation. Additionally, Italy's initial support of Germany and some sympathy from countries like the UK made resistance seem futile.

Resistance Movements

It is important to highlight that not all Austrians accepted the Anschluss passively. Some socialists and others did form resistance movements later, but these movements were small compared to the overwhelming support the annexation initially received.

The integration of Austria into Nazi Germany, or the Anschluss, remains a historical lesson in the complexities of national identity and the psychological impact of economic hardship. The initial enthusiasm and subsequent resistance provide a detailed insight into the human side of this significant event in history.

Conclusion

The Anschluss was a pivotal moment in the escalation of World War II, and the story of the Austrian people's reaction to it offers a nuanced view of the historical event. While many Austrians greeted the annexation with enthusiasm, it is crucial to recognize the underlying economic and political factors that contributed to this phenomenon.