How is Buddhism in Bhutan Different from Buddhism in Sri Lanka

The religions and spiritual traditions among Bhutanese and Sri Lankan people have their unique features and practices. Not only do their languages, customs, and traditional attire vary, but their approaches to Buddhism also have notable differences. This article aims to explore the distinctions between Buddhism in Bhutan, which follows Mahayana traditions, and Buddhism in Sri Lanka, which adheres to the Theravada tradition.

Differences in Tradition and Practice

Bhutan, a small kingdom in South Asia, primarily practices Mahayana Buddhism, while Sri Lanka follows the Theravada tradition. This fundamental difference in Buddhist schools is more than just a matter of tradition; it reflects the divergent motivations and goals of spiritual practice in these two regions.

The Bhutanese Buddhist Path

Bhutanese Buddhism, epitomized by the Druk Kagyu school, is rooted in Mahayana teachings. The Mahayana approach to Buddhism emphasizes the path of the Bodhisattva, a being dedicated to the liberation of all sentient beings before their own enlightenment. The concept of Bodhichitta—the intention to achieve Buddhahood for the benefit of all beings—was introduced into Bhutan through the lineage of the teachers and spiritual leaders who founded the Drukpa Kagyu sect. This focus on the greater good sets Bhutanese Buddhism apart from other traditions, particularly those that prioritize individual enlightenment as the sole objective.

Despite this focus on collective enlightenment, it is important to note that individual monks and practitioners in Bhutan may have varying motivations. While some may indeed pursue the goal of achieving personal enlightenment, many are committed to the Bodhisattva ideal, striving to help others before themselves. The teachings and practices in Bhutan often encourage a balance between the two, reflecting the unity of personal and universal enlightenment.

The Sri Lankan Buddhist Path

Sri Lanka, a Buddhist nation steeped in history and tradition, follows the Theravada tradition. Theravada Buddhism, also known as the "Teaching of the Elders," focuses on individual enlightenment through the rigorous study of the Pali Canon and the practice of the Noble Eightfold Path. The goal of Theravada Buddhism is to attain Nibbana (Nirvana in Sanskrit), the state of liberation from the cycle of rebirth and suffering.

The Sri Lankan Buddhist tradition places a strong emphasis on personal discipline, meditation, and adherence to monastic rules. While it acknowledges the importance of helping others, the Theravada approach tends to emphasize individual spiritual development as the primary path to enlightenment. Many Sri Lankan monks and practitioners are deeply committed to this solitary pursuit, but not to the exclusion of compassion and kindness towards others.

Language, Culture, and Diet

Beyond the differences in religious practice, Bhutan and Sri Lanka also exhibit distinct cultural characteristics. Bhutanese and Sri Lankans have unique languages—Dzongkha in Bhutan and Sinhala in Sri Lanka—each contributing to the rich cultural tapestries of their respective nations.

Culturally, Bhutan is known for its pristine natural beauty and traditional festivals like Tsechus and Losar. The national dress, the Gho and Kira, is a distinctive aspect of Bhutanese culture. In contrast, Sri Lanka’s culture is heavily influenced by ancient heritage, blending Hindu, Buddhist, and colonial influences. The traditional dress, such as the Kandyan headdress and the kilam saree, reflects the nation's diverse cultural history.

When it comes to cuisine, Bhutanese dishes often include rice, meat, and potatoes, reflecting the agricultural nature of their society. In Sri Lanka, the culinary landscape ranges from spicy curries and fresh seafood to traditional sweets, showcasing the country's rich cultural diversity.

The Similarities in Spiritual Goals

Despite these distinct characteristics, it is crucial to recognize that the ultimate goal of spiritual practitioners in both Bhutan and Sri Lanka remains the same: liberation from suffering and the attainment of enlightenment. Whether it is through the path of the Bodhisattva in Mahayana Buddhism or the strict adherence to the Noble Eightfold Path in Theravada Buddhism, the spiritual journey is geared towards the same end. The differences in approach and focus should not diminish the core spiritual quest shared by all true practitioners.

In conclusion, while Bhutanese and Sri Lankan Buddhism differ in their schools of thought and specific practices, the fundamental goal of spiritual enlightenment remains central to both traditions. Understanding these differences can provide valuable insight into the rich and varied landscapes of Asian Buddhism.