Influences on the Development of Dr. Rizal’s Nationalism: A Critical Examination

The prominent Filipino national hero, Dr. José Rizal, emerged during a turbulent period marked by colonialism, oppression, and a fierce struggle for independence. This article delves into the profound influences that shaped the nationalistic stance of Dr. Rizal, particularly focusing on the abuses, oppression, and plunder exerted by Spanish colonial authorities, as well as the personal experiences of his mother, that led him to become a prominent advocate for Filipino nationalism.

The Context of Spanish Colonial Rule

During the 19th century, the Philippines was under the strict rule of Spain, a period characterized by exploitation and brutality. Spanish colonialism in the Philippines was marked by a series of practices that stifled the growth and development of native Filipino culture, economy, and political structures. From economic exploitation through mass exploitation of natural resources to political control through restrictive policies, the Spanish authorities frequently employed repressive measures that exacerbated the already strained relationship between the colonizers and the colonized.

Abuses, Oppression, and Plunder: The Core of Spanish Colonial Practices

The abuses, oppression, and plunder by Spanish religious and civil authorities were not mere byproducts of colonial rule but central to its operation. The Spanish colonialists often abused their power to oppress native Filipinos, subjecting them to harsh penalties for minor infractions and leveraging their authority to engage in widespread plunder. The Catholic Church, which was deeply intertwined with the colonial administration, played a significant role in enforcing Spanish rule. This intersection of religion and governance was, in many ways, a double-edged sword, used both to instill a sense of allegiance to the Spanish crown and to justify the exploitation of Filipino resources and people.

The Personal Struggles: Dr. Rizal's Mother's Experiences

One of the most poignant examples of the injustices faced by native Filipinos is embodied in the experiences of Dr. Rizal’s mother, Do?a Teodora Alonso. The case of her harassment serves as a stark reminder of the oppressive nature of Spanish colonial rule and the extent to which the Spanish authorities were willing to go to maintain their hold on power. In 1878, Do?a Teodora was unjustly accused of embezzlement, an allegation that was later proved false yet did significant damage to her reputation. However, the most devastating aspect of her ordeal was the forced march she was ordered to undertake. Do?a Teodora was compelled to walk from their home in Calamba to Baclaran, the provincial capital, a journey of several kilometers that would have been arduous and extremely painful, especially considering her circumstances.

These personal experiences of her mother’s physical and emotional torment likely played a significant role in shaping Dr. Rizal's views on nationalism. Witnessing the injustices faced by his family and the broader community might have awakened within him a deep sense of injustice and a strong resolve to fight against the oppressive colonial system. His exposure to such cruelty and the systematic abuse of power by the colonial authorities would have greatly influenced his later advocacy for a just and equitable society.

The Emergence of Filipino Nationalism

Given the oppressive environment, it is hardly surprising that Dr. Rizal's personal experiences and the broader context of Spanish colonialism fostered a strong sense of nationalism within him. His writings, particularly his novels "Noli Me Tángere" and "El Filibusterismo," serve as powerful critiques of Spanish colonial rule and narratives that elevate Filipino culture and traditions. In these works, Rizal highlighted the injustices faced by the Filipino people, the need for education and self-awareness, and the importance of resisting foreign domination.

As a result, Dr. Rizal emerged not just as a writer but as a prominent advocate for Filipino nationalism. His works inspired a sense of pride and resilience among the Filipino people, igniting a movement that eventually led to the Philippine Revolution. His life and contributions stand as a testament to the power of individual courage and persistence in the face of overwhelming odds.

Conclusion: The Enduring Legacy of Dr. Rizal’s Nationalism

In conclusion, the development of Dr. Rizal’s nationalism was deeply influenced by the abuses, oppression, and plunder of the Spanish colonial authorities, as well as his personal experiences, particularly those of his mother. These formative influences shaped his views on justice, equity, and the importance of national pride and self-determination. Dr. Rizal’s legacy continues to inspire generations of Filipinos in their quest for progress and independence.

Keywords: José Rizal, Spanish Colonialism, Filipino Nationalism, Oppression, Resistance