Reevaluating the Definition of Literature: Strengths, Weaknesses, and Controversies

When discussing the nature of literature, a common standpoint is that it should encompass any written material. However, this broad definition often leads to significant debate as to what truly qualifies as literature. In this article, we will delve into the strengths and weaknesses of various definitions of literature, particularly focusing on the merits and shortcomings of a definition that includes all written material.

Strengths of the Broad Definition of Literature

The simplest and most comprehensive definition of literature is any written material. This broad definition has several appealing aspects:

1. Inclusivity and Universality: By defining literature as any written material, this approach ensures that all forms of written content are included. It highlights the universality of written language, acknowledging that literature is not confined to a specific genre or medium.

2. Acknowledgment of Oral Traditions: The inclusion of all written material recognizes the significant role of oral traditions in the historical development of literature. Works such as Homer's epics and the tales collected by the Brothers Grimm are considered literature only after being recorded, thus giving due recognition to the evolution of storytelling.

3. Embracing Diversity of Genres: This definition allows for the inclusion of various genres, from historical non-fiction to philosophical works. It acknowledges that well-written non-fiction can be classified as literature, enhancing the definition's versatility and inclusiveness.

Weaknesses of the Broad Definition of Literature

Despite its broad embrace of all written material, the definition also faces several significant shortcomings:

1. Vagueness Leading to Subjectivity: A definition that encompasses all written material can lead to vagueness and subjectivity. It becomes challenging to draw a clear line between literature and other forms of writing, such as contracts, laws, and business documents.

2. Lack of Qualitative Standards: By not specifying qualitative standards, the definition fails to account for the unique qualities that distinguish literature from other forms of writing. Literature is often celebrated for its emotional depth, cultural significance, and artistic merit.

3. Historical and Cultural Context: Literature, by definition, should capture the essence of human emotions and experiences. A broad definition that includes all written material often fails to acknowledge this essential criterion, leading to a diluted understanding of what literature truly is.

Suggested Enhancements to the Definition

To address the weaknesses of the broad definition, a more specific and nuanced approach could be beneficial:

1. Integrate Qualitative Standards: A more refined definition of literature could include qualitative standards such as emotional depth, cultural significance, and artistic merit. For example, "Books and writings which reflect human emotions and experiences, and are well-crafted from a literary perspective, are considered literature."

2. Acknowledge Evolving Definitions: Literature is a term that has evolved over time. Historical, cultural, and societal contexts should be considered when defining literature. A dynamic definition that reflects these changes can ensure that literature remains relevant and inclusive.

3. Include Genre-Specific Standards: While broad inclusion is important, specifying genres can provide clarity. Historical non-fiction, philosophical texts, and oral traditions, as mentioned, should be considered literature if they meet the qualitative criteria of the medium.

Conclusion

The definition of literature is a complex and multifaceted issue. While a definition that includes all written material has its merits, it also faces several challenges, particularly in terms of subjectivity and lack of qualitative standards. By integrating specific qualitative criteria and genre-specific standards, we can reach a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of what literature truly is.

Key Takeaways:

Inclusivity and universality in defining literature are valuable, but they must be balanced with qualitative standards. Oral traditions and non-fiction can be considered literature, but they must meet certain criteria to be so. Literature should reflect human emotions and experiences, and be well-crafted, to truly capture the essence of the term.

By addressing the weaknesses and leveraging the strengths of the broad definition of literature, we can better understand and appreciate the rich and diverse world of literature.