Reflections on Shakespeare's 'Edward III'

By coincidence, I recently revisited Edward III, a play by William Shakespeare that I had previously skimmed. As might be expected, the authorship of Edward III is a subject of some debate. I am not an expert on the issue, but I found it intriguing to explore this play's place within the canon of Shakespeare's works.

Authorship and Context

One of the most prominent theories is that Edward III was primarily the work of another playwright—such as Thomas Kyd, Thomas Nash, or George Peele—on which Shakespeare later made revisions. This theory is based on the play's relative obscurity and its occasionally uneven quality. While Shakespeare’s authorship cannot be definitively confirmed, signs of his involvement are present, particularly in certain scenes.

Play Quality and Early Shakespeare

Compared to Shakespeare's other plays, Edward III is not at the top of his oeuvre. It has some typical issues of early Shakespearean works, including a somewhat regular meter. While some might argue that the play's periodicity is its strength, it lacks the cohesion and complexity found in his more mature works. The episodic nature of the plot is common in historical plays, but Shakespeare's history plays are generally more interconnected and reflective.

Highlights and Lowlights

Despite its flaws, Edward III contains several shining moments. Scene 2 and 3 showcase powerful dramatic actions, featuring one of the Countess of Salisbury being wooed (and then dishonored) by the King. The King initially forces her father to plead for him, but he reconsiders upon her flamboyant defense. These scenes are noted for their poignant and dramatic content, which rings true to Shakespeare's finest writing.

Another standout scene is scene 12, which involves the Prince and Lord Audley. Here, we witness a pivotal moment of defeat and near-death, illustrating the complex human dynamics at play. In contrast, scene 13 is less standout, focusing on the French king's courage in confronting the impending death of his son. While not as vibrant or dramatic as the other scenes, this scene still provides a somber and meaningful moment of historical reflection.

Shakespeare's Role in 'Edward III'

According to the Arden edition of the play, it seems that Shakespeare was likely the primary author for scenes 2-3, 12, but not for scene 13. This suggests that while other authors may have contributed, Shakespeare's hand is evident in crucial moments of the play. His involvement in these scenes is key to understanding the work's quality and development.

Conclusion

While Edward III may not be one of Shakespeare's most celebrated plays, it is not without its merit. It offers enough captivating moments to make it worth studying. Its scenes are a mix of drama, conflict, and character, making it an interesting read from both a historical and literary perspective. Whether it was Shakespeare's primary work or a collaboration, the play provides a unique glimpse into his early career and the broader context of Elizabethan theater.