Algerian War: A History of Retribution

Following the Algerian War and the departure of the French rule, a series of violent acts unfolded, targeting the Algerians who had served as French loyalists. These events are rooted in the complex dynamics of the Algerian resistance and the aftermath of the war. This article delves into the acts of revenge against the French collaborators, focusing on the term "Harki."

The Term "Harki": Background and Context

The term "Harki" refers to Algerians who served as collaborators for the French during the Algerian War. These individuals, who were often military men or government officials, played crucial roles in the French administration and defense of French territories. However, their loyalty to the French brought them into a precarious position as the war neared its end and Algeria gained independence in 1962.

The Aftermath: Violence Against Harki

Violence against the Harki and their families began even before the ceasefire was agreed upon. In March 1962, the first instances of violence were reported, escalating in the summer of that year. The French Labor and Social Security Minister, Deschaussées, admitted that tens of thousands of Harki were killed shortly after the war. However, more recent historical research suggests a lower estimate of around 30,000 killed.

Violence Escalates in the Post-Independence Era

Algerians who joined the Front de Libération Nationale (FLN) late, after the tide had turned in their favor, used violence as a way to assert their independence and gain materials rewards through looting. Despite the lower number of Harki casualties, the emotional and psychological impact of these events was significant. Some Harki tried to maintain a low profile, while others fled or sought refuge in other countries.

The American Fulbright Experience: A Side Note

My personal experience aboard the Flandre during the aftermath of the Algerian War provides a unique perspective. As part of a group of Fulbright scholars, I was on a boat traveling through Western Europe. Rumors circulated about a notice posted by the FLN similar to the one in World War I that led to the sinking of the Lusitania. While most of us dismissed these rumors, for the North African crew members, the situation was tense. They were not allowed back on board and were given shore leave, effectively isolating them from their companions for an extended period.

The events in Paris also created a tense atmosphere. There were unconfirmed reports of planned bombings of significant monuments. One evening, while walking down a street in Paris with a Jewish man, a jeep with armed men pulled up beside us. We were both instructed to show our passports. This incident, albeit isolated, highlighted the heightened state of suspicion and fear during this period.

Conclusion

The Algerian War's aftermath was marked by brutal acts of violence against those who had served as French collaborators, the Harki. The term "Harki" encapsulates the complexity of the Algerian resistance and the challenges faced by the individuals caught between the French and the Algerian rebel forces. The legacy of these events continues to be a subject of historical interest and personal reflection.

This exploration of the Harki's experiences and the violence against them provides insight into the difficult transition period following the independence of Algeria. By understanding these acts of revenge, we can better comprehend the historical and social forces that shaped this region.