The Debate Surrounding State Flags in India: Case Study of Karnataka’s Kannada Flag

In the context of federal systems, the right of a state to have its own flag is a contentious issue. India, with its rich tapestry of states and cultural heritage, faces several debates around national unity, state rights, and constitutional compliance. This article explores the opposition to the Karnataka government's attempt to obtain a state flag, while also delving into historical and contemporary perspectives on this matter.

Introduction to Karnataka’s Unofficial Flag

The Kannada Flag: Often referred to as the unofficial flag of Karnataka, this flag holds significant cultural and political importance to the state. It is prominently featured on the official website of Karnataka’s government, symbolizing the state’s identity and heritage.

According to the Indian Constitution, only Jammu and Kashmir is allowed to have a state flag under the provisions of Article 370. This article provides a unique status to Jammu and Kashmir, making it an exception in the realm of state flags. The inclusion of Karnataka and other states in this debate is significant, as it highlights the ongoing discussions around state identities in the federal structure of India.

The History and Significance of the Kannada Flag

Historical Context: The flag was conceived by Ma Ramamurthy, a journalist and social activist from Bangalore, in 1964. Ma Ramamurthy used the flag as a symbol for his political party, "Kannada Paksha." Despite the party's short-lived existence, the flag retained its significance and remains hoisted on 1st November, Rajyostava Day, a day celebrated to commemorate the formation of Karnataka as a state.

Cultural Importance: Other states in India also have their own state anthems, such as Tamil Nadu, Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and Gujarat. This suggests a growing trend towards celebrating unique state identities within the larger context of national unity. The flag of Karnataka continues to be an emblem of Pride and identity for the people of the state.

The Opposition to the Kannada Flag

There are several arguments against the introduction of a state flag in Karnataka. According to many, the tricolor, representing India, binds the country together, and allowing states to have separate flags would likely weaken the standing of the national flag. There is a fear that permitting one state to have its own flag could result in demands from other states, potentially destabilizing the federal structure:

Concerns About National Integrity: Opponents argue that allowing a state flag could undermine the national integrity and create a sense of division. This aligns with the view that a single, unified national flag is crucial for maintaining the unity of the nation. The possibility of individual state flags leading to secessionist movements or weakening national identity is a valid concern for many.

Arguments Favoring the Move for a State Flag

Supporters of the movement point out that:

Other countries like Germany and the United States have state flags without significant issues of national disintegration. This indicates that a state flag does not necessarily lead to the weakening of national unity.

States having their own anthems do not automatically imply that a state flag would make a huge difference.

The current situation with unofficial flags has already shown potential for misuse. If a state flag were to be officially sanctioned, the legitimacy of any such activities would be further strengthened, raising serious ethical and compliance concerns.

Additionally, there are instances of misuse of the unofficial flag, such as the case mentioned where language activists tried to extort money from a shoe retailer over the use of colors in their sandals. This kind of extortion demonstrates the potential for misuse if an officially sanctioned state flag were to be used.

Legal and Constitutional Rights

The former Advocate-General of Karnataka, Ravivarma Kumar, cited the S.R. Bommai v/s Union of India Supreme Court case from 1994. In this case, the Supreme Court declared that federalism is a basic feature of the Constitution and states are supreme in their sphere. This implies that there is no prohibition in the Constitution against states having their own flags. However, the flag should always be hoisted below the national flag to maintain the hierarchy and respect for the national identity. The National Flag Code also authorizes the use of other flags under strict legal guidelines.

Conclusion: Currently, no decision has been made regarding the official adoption of a state flag in Karnataka. However, the debate is significant and reflects the ongoing tension between state rights and national unity. Any decision that brings people together, respects national unity, and adheres to constitutional guidelines, is ultimately beneficial for the country.