Islam, on the other hand, is essentially a religion of submission or 'Islam' to the will of Allah, as conveyed through the Prophet Muhammad. Unlike Hinduism, where surrender is understood as a state of detachment from the fruits of actions, Islam emphasizes obedience to divine commands and teachings.

Comparing the Varna System and Sharia Law

The Varna system in Hinduism and Sharia law in Islam offer insights into the societal structure and ethical codes of these two religions.

The Varna System in Hinduism

The Varna system in Hinduism categorizes society into four varnas or classes. Each varna is associated with specific duties and roles, which have evolved over centuries. Brahmins, the priestly class, are expected to follow strict moral and ethical codes, including avoiding material possessions and focusing on spiritual knowledge. Vaishyas, mercantile and agrarian class, are guided by ethical business principles. Kshatriyas, warriors and rulers, are expected to prioritize the welfare of the lower varnas. Shudras, the laboring class, have no restrictions and play a crucial role in supporting the other varnas.

Sharia Law in Islam

Sharia law in Islam provides a framework for various aspects of life, from personal conduct to governance. It is based on the Quran and the Hadith, which outline the actions and sayings of the Prophet Muhammad. Unlike the Varna system, which is more flexible, Sharia law is more rigid and traditionally applied in most Muslim-majority countries. However, there are movements advocating for reinterpretation and adaptation of Sharia to contemporary societal needs.

Final Judgement and Cycles of Life

The concepts of final judgment and the endless cycle of existence are significant in Hinduism and Islam, but they differ in their theological perspectives.

Final Judgment in Islam

Islam believes in a final judgment where the righteous will be rewarded in heaven and the unrighteous in hell. This is a key aspect of Islamic eschatology, emphasizing the importance of good deeds and piety in one's lifetime. Sharia law often influences society by promoting ethical behavior and good conduct to prepare for the afterlife.

Endless Cycles of Existence in Hinduism

Hinduism, however, does not believe in a final end but in the endless cycles of birth, death, and rebirth known as Samsara. The ultimate goal is liberation or Moksha, which transcends the cycle of rebirth. Unlike the final judgment, Moksha is seen as a way to achieve an eternal state of bliss and union with the divine.

Spread and Expansion of the Religions

The spread and expansion of Hinduism and Islam also highlight their distinct characteristics and approaches to global influence.

Hinduism: A Religiosity without Spread

Hinduism, despite its vast influence and ancient roots, has not sought to spread through military conquest or forced conversions. It emphasizes inclusive and peaceful coexistence, often absorbing new practices and beliefs without opposition. The emphasis on Vedic knowledge and spiritual practices rather than proselytization has ensured its longevity and adaptability.