The Economic and Political Landscape of the Patel Community in Gujarat

Patels, or Patidars as they are commonly known, are a significant community in the state of Gujarat, India. Historically, they have been known for their industrious nature and economic clout, leading to their prominence in both agriculture and industrial sectors.

The Demographics and History

The Patel community, claiming descent from Lord Ram, is divided into two main sub-castes: Leuva and Kadva Patels, who trace their lineage to Luv and Kush, respectively. Other sub-castes include Satpanthis and Chaudhary Patels. These sub-castes differ in their origins and practices, with some having unique customs akin to Muslims.

Traditionally, the term 'Patidar' referred to a group of individuals who owned land. Historically, this group was among the more industrious farmers and rulers, often occupying positions of leadership in princely states. Post-independence, tenants received land ownership rights, transforming Patels into landowners and thus, agricultural lords. Today, they account for about 2.4% of Gujarat's population and dominate politics within the state. Their political influence is evident in the current cabinet, where six out of fourteen ministers are Patidars.

Economic Status and Challenges

Economically, Patels have been a key driving force in Gujarat's agricultural and industrial sectors. With the advent of modern crop varieties and machinery, they further consolidated their position. However, recent economic downturns, including crop failures and a slowdown in the diamond industry, have posed significant challenges. These factors, coupled with a preference for government jobs over farming, have contributed to a complex socio-economic situation.

The Patel community, numbering roughly 1.5 crore, has a reputation for being enterprising and economically powerful. However, the perception of affluence is often exaggerated. Only a small percentage of Patels hold substantial land, while the majority have become small or marginal farmers. Additionally, Patels generally have a higher concentration in cities and have ventured into various business sectors, making them economically diverse.

Education is another area where Patels stand out, with higher levels of economic success compared to other communities. Despite this, there is a perception that Patels, particularly the rural population, struggle more with socio-economic challenges, including a skewed sex ratio and difficulty in finding suitable brides.

Political Landscape and Demands for OBC Quotas

Politically, the Patel community is a dominant force in Gujarat, with a notable presence in the state's electoral landscape. Traditionally, many were part of the Congress party, but this shifted with the rise of Hindutva and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). The BJP has been fortunate to gain significant support from the Patel community, leading to more Patels in political roles.

However, recent tensions and agitation within the Patel community have arisen over the demand for a share of OBC (Other Backward Classes) quotas. Young Patels find it challenging to secure government jobs or seats in medical colleges, impacted both by socio-economic background and competition from OBC youth. This demand for quotas is seen as a response to the perceived disadvantage in the competitive job market and the stress brought about by recent economic and social challenges.

Notable Patels: Leaders and Entrepreneurs

The Patel community has produced a host of influential leaders and entrepreneurs across various sectors:

Industrialists: Karsanbhai Patel (founding Nirma group), Tulsi Tanti (Suzlon Group), Pankaj Patel (Cadila Healthcare), Mahendra G. Patel (Ahmedabad-based Lincoln Pharmaceuticals Ltd), Jayanthibhai Patel (Meghmani Organics Ltd), and Prayasvin B Patel (Elecon Engineering Company Ltd). Diamond Barons: Savji Dholakia (Harekrishna Diamonds), Govind Dholakia (Shree Ramakrishna Exports), Vallabh Patel (Kiran Gems), and Lalji Patel (Dharmanandan Diamonds Pvt Ltd). Politicians: Anandiben Patel (Chief Minister of Gujarat), Keshubhai Patel (former Chief Minister), Vittakbhai Radadiya (Porbandar MP), and Priti Patel (Britain’s Minister of State for Employment). Real Estate: Dipak G Patel (Ganesh Housing Corporation Ltd), Rushabh Patel (Parshwanath Group of Companies), and Suresh Patel (Surya Group).

These leaders exemplify the community's resilience and economic success, from rural agriculture to international business leadership.

Conclusion

The Patel community in Gujarat has a rich history shaped by agriculture, industry, and political sway. While they are economically powerful, they face challenges such as land ownership disparities, skewed sex ratios, and ongoing tensions over OBC quotas. The community's leaders continue to navigate these challenges and play a significant role in Gujarati society and beyond.

The Patel community, despite their historical economic influence, continues to evolve and adapt to changing socio-economic landscapes, thereby maintaining their relevance in modern India.