The Future of Buddhism in India: Challenges and Prospects

The future of Buddhism in India appears uncertain, facing significant challenges that threaten its survival in a predominantly Hindu society. This article explores the current state of Buddhism in India, its historical context, and potential prospects for the future.

Challenges Facing Buddhism in India

India's revival of Buddhism faces numerous challenges, primarily related to the hegemony of Hinduism and the existence of Brahminical authority. Here are some key obstacles:

1. Dominance of Hinduism and Brahminical Leadership

Brahmins, the religious and social elite of Hinduism, serve as a stronghold under which Buddhism can theoretically exist. However, Buddhism lacks the independent power to survive within the broader Hindu landscape. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and its Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) affiliates strongly advocate for Hindu nationalism, making it difficult for Buddhist monks to thrive without accepting Hindu doctrines.

In addition, Buddhism's inability to effectively counter the war and killing prevalent in Hinduism is a significant disadvantage. While Buddhists believe in peaceful coexistence and non-violence, the current political and social climate favors aggressive and confrontational ideologies.

2. Historical and Modern Threats

Buddhism in India has faced numerous threats from within and without. Historical destruction of Buddhist temples and forced conversions by Muslim invaders have decimated the religion's physical and religious infrastructure. Modern challenges include the rise of vocal Buddhists who engage in abusive rhetoric against Hindus and spread politically-motivated falsehoods.

3. Lack of Foundational Texts and Royal Patronage

The absence of foundational Buddhist scriptures led to fragmentation and the rise of sects like tantric Buddhism, which has posed social and communal challenges. Similarly, a loss of royal patronage further weakened the faith's influence. Debates with Vedantic gurus also contributed to Buddhism's decline.

Current State and Re-emergence of Buddhism in India

Despite the challenges, there are signs of a re-emergence of Buddhism in certain parts of India:

1. Revival at Deekshabhoomi and in Maharashtra

The revival of Buddhism can be observed in Deekshabhoomi, a site of significance for Mahavira's renunciation and later Mahatma Buddha's enlightenment. In Maharashtra, particularly, there is a strong presence of Navayana Buddhism. Several organizations such as the Buddha Shasan Sabha and Triratna Maha Sangha are working to revitalize the faith. The Archaeological Survey of India maintains some of the pilgrim sites, including Sarnath, which is crucial for Buddhist pilgrims.

2. Focus on Dalit-Buddhism

Dalit Buddhism represents a significant movement within the Buddhist community. The Dalit population has found in Buddhism a way to escape the caste discrimination prevalent in Hinduism. The future of Buddhism in India is closely tied to its ability to serve as a refuge for marginalized groups.

Conclusion

Buddhism in India faces a complex and challenging future. While it struggles to survive against the dominant Hinduism and Brahminical leadership, it is not without hope. Movements like Navayana Buddhism and initiatives focused on Dalits offer glimmers of potential for a resurgence. As long as Hinduism and Brahminical influence persist, Buddhism in India will likely continue to serve as a sidekick rather than a prime religion. However, the legacy of resilience shown by the faith may yet lead to a brighter future.

Keywords: Buddhism in India, Dalit Buddhism, Navayana Buddhism