The Many Wives of Ashoka: Historical Facts and Controversies

Ashoka, the Mauryan emperor who ruled India from 269 to 232 BCE, is a figure of immense historical importance. Little is known about his personal life, including the identities and status of his wives. This article delves into the historical records and scholarly perspectives surrounding Ashoka's multiple wives, shedding light on the complexities of his marital life.

Vidisha Mahadevi or simply Devi (Shakya Kumari)

Vidisha Mahadevi, better known as Devi, or Shakya Kumari, was Ashoka's first romantic encounter. According to scholars, she remained an unwedded consort, with Ashoka leaving a graffiti near Vidisha commemorating their time together. However, other scholars argue that she was given legal status upon the birth of their son, Mahendra. Devi also gave birth to a daughter named Sanghamitra. The ambiguity surrounding her status adds a layer of intrigue to Ashoka's early life.

Dwitiya Devi Karuwaki

Karuwaki, also known as Dwitiya Devi, was Ashoka's second wife and resided at Kaushambi. She was the mother of his son Tivara (or Tivila), though the origins of Karuwaki herself are unclear. A significant piece of evidence linking Karuwaki to Tisyarakshita is a non-carved inscription from Dr. Romila Thapar and other scholars. This inscription represents one of the few pieces of evidence about her existence, indicating that she was not a mere concubine but enjoyed considerable privileges. Her exact identity remains a subject of debate.

Devi Padmavati

Devi Padmavati, another one of Ashoka's wives, is known for being the mother of his handsome son, Kunal. Much like Vidisha Mahadevi, historical records are scarce regarding her origins and life. She remains a shadowy figure in the annals of Ashoka's life.

Agramahishi Asandhimitra

Agramahishi Asandhimitra held the title of Empress Consort and was recognized not just for her beauty but for her devotion to Lord Buddha and her administrative abilities. She was a Dharmic woman who had the right to preach to Ashoka, and Buddhist texts mention a spiritual connection between her and Ashoka. Her spiritual significance and her role in the Mauryan court make her one of the most important women in Ashoka's life.

Agramahishi Tisyarakshita

Tisyarakshita, the chief queen after Ashoka's Empress Asandhimitra's death, was initially a slave who rose to prominence. She cleverly manipulated Ashoka, eventually becoming the Chief Queen through both fear and admiration. During Ashoka's old age, Tisyarakshita sought to become Kunal's secret lover, which, while rejected, led to her manipulating him. When she tricked Kunal into blinding him, Ashoka retaliated by burning her alive. Tisyarakshita's story illustrates the complexities of power dynamics and personal ambitions in the Mauryan court.

The lives of Ashoka's wives, while mysterious, reveal a great deal about the social and political landscape of ancient India. These women were not merely side players but played significant roles in shaping the Mauryan dynasty and the future of India.

Note: The content provided is based on historical records and scholarly interpretations. Due to the scarcity of firsthand accounts, many aspects of Ashoka's private life remain subjects of debate among historians and scholars.