The RSS: Origin and Background

The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, often referred to simply as "RSS," is a pan-Indian volunteer organization based in India. Founded on February 9, 1925, in Nagpur, the RSS has a rich history deeply embedded in Indian nationalist sentiments. It was initially established by Keshav Baliram Hedgewar, a Hindu revivalist and nationalist leader, who sought to build a movement that would help restore the glory of the Hindu civilization and its cultural heritage.

RSS as a Political Force

The RSS is widely regarded as the ideological and political mentor of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). It is known to be a major backer of the BJP, which has been the ruling party in various parts of India, particularly since 2014. Despite its non-political stance, the RSS actively influences and shapes the ideology of the BJP, ensuring that the latter adheres to its Hindutva (Hindu nationalist) philosophy.

The Hindutva Philosophy

Central to the RSS's ideology is the concept of Hindutva, a term that refers to a cultural and religious nationalism. According to the RSS, Hindutva is not merely a religious doctrine but a comprehensive way of life that encompasses all aspects of Indian culture and heritage. The organization advocates a resurgence of Hindu traditions, cultural values, and historical narratives that it deems authentic and integral to the Indian identity.

RSS and Education

One of the most significant aspects of the RSS's impact is its influence on education. Through its network of schools and educational institutions, the RSS seeks to instill its cultural and ideological beliefs in the younger generation. The organization believes that education is a fundamental tool for shaping minds and creating a unified, Hindu-dominated society.

Curriculum andindoctrination

According to critics, the RSS's approach to education involves revising and reinterpreting history in a manner that aligns with its Hindutva ideology. This includes promoting narratives that glorify figures and events deemed to be part of a Hindu-dominated past, while downplaying or omitting those perceived as undermining Hindu supremacy.

The organization has been known to manipulate textbooks and curricula to present a skewed version of history that aligns with its nationalist agenda. Critics argue that this approach fosters a sense of Nationalism and cultural superiority, potentially leading to a lack of critical thinking and an inability to question established narratives.

Community and Propaganda

The RSS's strategy also involves the creation of a strong sense of community among its members. This is achieved through various programs, including camps and workshops, where young volunteers are trained in physical and martial arts, as well as in the dissemination of its ideology. These indoctrination camps are seen as crucial for instilling a sense of loyalty and obedience towards Hindutva principles.

RSS Influence and Controversies

The RSS's influence extends beyond politics and education to encompass various cultural and social institutions. Its presence in mainstream media, civil service recruitment, and even in certain academic settings has raised concerns about the politicization of these sectors. Critics argue that this influence can lead to a form of cultural hegemony, where alternative voices and viewpoints are marginalized, and the narrative of the RSS dominates.

However, supporters of the RSS argue that its mission is to preserve and promote Hindu culture and values, and that its influence is a natural outgrowth of India's diverse cultural landscape. They believe that the RSS is merely fostering a sense of pride and unity among Hindus, which aligns with the spirit of Indian nationalism.

Conclusion: The Future of RSS and Hindutva

The future of the RSS and its influence on Indian society remains uncertain. While it continues to exert significant influence, especially through the BJP, there are growing voices of dissent. As students and young professionals question the narratives and practices of the RSS, there is a rising tide of criticism and calls for a more critical and inclusive approach to national identity and history.

Meanwhile, the global community watches carefully, as the RSS's influence on India's educational and political landscape continues to evolve. As historians and sociologists continue to study its impact, the debate over the RSS's mission and purpose will undoubtedly persist, reflecting the broader tensions in contemporary Indian society.

References:

[1] “RSS.” Wikipedia, _Swayamsevak_Sangh.

[2] Roy, Vir Sanghvi. 2010. The Age of Anxiety. HarperCollins.

[3] Shee, Ramaa. 2017. Righting theWounds: Struggles for Justice in Postcolonial India. Zed Books.