The Significance and Usage of Coronation Crowns in British Monarchies

During a British coronation service, two crowns play pivotal roles: St Edward's Crown and the Imperial State Crown. These regal treasures are central to the ceremonial process of anointing and crowning a new monarch. This article delves into the unique characteristics, historical context, and usage of these crowns, emphasizing their significance in the British monarchy.

The Historical Context of Coronation Crowns

The coronation of a British monarch is a grand and elaborate ceremony that has evolved over the centuries. The two primary crowns used are the solid gold St Edward's Crown and the Imperial State Crown. These crowns are not merely ornamental but hold deep historical and ceremonial significance.

The St Edward's Crown

The St Edward's Crown, made of solid gold and dating back to 1660, is the oldest and most historically significant crown used for coronations. It was recreated for the coronation of King Charles II following the restoration of the monarchy. The crown is adorned with 2,868 diamonds, 17 sapphires, 11 emeralds, 269 pearls, and 4 rubies, including famous jewels like the Black Prince's Ruby, the Stuart Sapphire, and the Cullinan II diamond. Despite its grandeur, it is noted for being unwieldy and uncomfortable to wear, necessitating a change to the lighter Imperial State Crown after the actual crowning.

The Imperial State Crown

The Imperial State Crown is the more frequently used crown for state occasions and is normally worn by the monarch when participating in the State Opening of Parliament. This crown bears additional precious stones, including the Cullinan, the Imperial State Sapphire, and the King Edward VIII Diamond. While it is less magnificent than the St Edward's Crown, its design and weight make it a more practical choice for official engagements. The current queen, Queen Elizabeth II, famously wore this crown upon leaving Westminster Abbey after her coronation in 1953 and subsequently wore it on various official occasions.

Other Duties and Responsibilities

During the coronation service, only two other individuals are permitted to wear a crown: the Kings of Arms, the chief heraldic officers of the United Kingdom. All other peers, such as dukes and earls, wear their own coronets, which are designed to reflect their noble status.

The Changing of the Crowns

Traditionally, the heavier St Edward's Crown is used for the actual crowning ceremony, after which it is replaced with the lighter Imperial State Crown. This practice was followed during the 2012 coronation of Queen Elizabeth II, when the crown was switched from St Edward's to the Imperial State Crown immediately after the coronation rites. Subsequently, the queen ceased to wear St Edward's Crown, using the Imperial State Crown for all future occasions due to its more practical and comfortable design.

Conclusion

The coronation crowns of St Edward's and the Imperial State Crown not only serve as symbols of the reigning monarch's authority but also signify the rich history and rituals of the British monarchy. Understanding the distinct characteristics and roles of these crowns enhances our appreciation of the complex and meaningful ceremonies that form the backbone of British governance and tradition.

Keywords: coronation crowns, St Edward's Crown, Imperial State Crown