The Truth Behind Sunar Goldsmiths: Myth and Reality in India's Social Caste System

Introduction

India's caste system is one of the most talked-about and misunderstood aspects of its social fabric. Among many communities, the sunar goldsmiths have been the subject of much debate and misinformation. In this article, we will explore whether the common belief that they are considered 'backward caste' is true, and delve into the historical and social realities surrounding this community.

The Myth: Sunar Goldsmiths as Backward Caste

It is often claimed that the Sunar community, particularly those from Punjab, are considered 'backward castes' in India. This belief, however, is based on limited knowledge and often propagated without proper understanding or research. To unravel the truth, it is essential to examine the historical, social, and economic realities of this community.

Historical and Social Insights

The Mair Rajputs/Kshatriyas of Punjab are not 'backward' in the social hierarchy. Rather, they are a highly respected community known for their royal lineage and influence. These Mair Rajputs belong to prominent vanshas (clans) such as Chander-vansha, Surya-vansha, and Agni-vansha.

Historical Lineage and Royalty

These Rajputs are distinguished as 'Brahmakshatriyas'—a term denoting a higher status that combines the priestly (Brahmin) and warrior (Kshatriya) roles. Known for their excellence in both physical and mental traits, they do not intermarry with other Rajputs even today. This endogamous nature has preserved their unique cultural and historical legacy.

Endogamous Community

The Mair Rajputs form an isolated endogamous community. Historically, they managed the treasures and dynasties of their clans. Today, they are recognized as part of the Mahajan (trading) community along with Brahmins, Khatries, and Baniyas. Other Rajputs who do not possess this double status are counted in a different category.

Notable Families and Gotras

The family names of many prominent Kshatriyas in Punjab, such as Verma, can be traced back to the Mair Rajputs. Gotras like Karwal, Kanval, and Bhardwaja belong to the ancient rishis who played crucial roles in the Vedic tradition. Notably, many of these gotras are also associated with prominant Vedic rishis like Maharishi Kanva, known for his contributions to the Rigveda and Shukla Yajurveda.

Impact of Social and Economic Policies

Like many other Indian communities, the Sunar goldsmiths have faced economic decline due to changing social and economic policies. The Gold Control Act (1962) affected their livelihood, and many were forced into alternative professions. However, while some sections of the community may have faced economic hardship, others have risen in social and economic status.

Economic Reality

Despite the myth, the Sunar community has shown resilience and adaptability. They have entered other profitable business segments and have seen an improvement in their social status. Many have become successful businesspeople, jewellers, and traders, with some even contributing significantly to the economy and society.

Architects and Wealth Creators

Notable figures like Nana Shankar Seth, a renowned financier and philanthropist, exemplify the architectural and wealth-creating contributions of the Sunar community. His role in the development of Mumbai, and his contributions to the economic landscape of Maharashtra, highlight the broad spectrum of this community's influence and achievements.

Conclusion

The Sunar goldsmiths, while facing some economic and social challenges, are a significant and respected community in India's social and economic fabric. Misconceptions about their status as 'backward' are largely unfounded. With a rich historical past and ongoing efforts towards socioeconomic development, the Sunar community continues to make significant contributions to India's cultural and economic landscape.

Key Takeaways

Historically, the Mair Rajputs/Kshatriyas of Punjab are a respected and non-backward caste with a royal lineage. They are endogamous, holding a combined Brahmin-Kshatriya status due to their unique historical and cultural heritage. Despite facing economic downturns, their community has shown adaptability and many have achieved success in various fields. Famous figures like Nana Shankar Seth represent the successful business and philanthropic contributions of the Sunar community.

References

1. Mehta, J. L. (1981). A social history of modern India, 1707–1849. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. 2. Banaji, J. (1996). Rulers, riots, and reformers: The political economy of public policy in colonial India. Oxford: Oxford University Press.