Understanding Black History Month: Why February, Not June for Juneteenth

Black History Month is an important observance that honors the contributions and achievements of African Americans. However, why is it celebrated in February instead of June for Juneteenth? This article explores the historical context, key figures, and reasons behind the choice of February for Black History Month.

Origins of Black History Month

The concept of Black History Month began in the early 20th century. It was initiated by Carter G. Woodson, an African American historian, journalist, and the founder of the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (now known as the Association for the Study of African American Life and History, or ASALH).

Woodson was inspired by the 50th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation celebration that took place in 1915. He envisioned a more comprehensive study of the Black past, which had long been neglected in academia and U.S. schools. In 1920, he proposed the teaching of black history, leading to the first negro history and literature week in February 1926. This was renamed negro achievement week and ultimately became negro history week that celebrated the birthdays of prominent figures such as Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglass, who were born in February.

Historical Context and Logistical Reasons for February

The choice of February for Black History Month has several historical and logistical reasons. One primary reason is that February coincides with the birth months of influential figures like President Abraham Lincoln (February 12) and Frederick Douglass (February 14). Another key reason is that during the 19th and 20th centuries, schools were out for the summer, making February an ideal time for focused educational initiatives in schools.

By the 1940s, some communities began to transform February into negro history month. This was a natural progression from the initial week-long observance. The rise of the American civil rights movement in the 1960s further solidified the idea of a more extensive celebration. In 1976, ASALH facilitated the widespread institutionalization of February as Black History Month. U.S. President Gerald Ford urged Americans to participate in its observance. Since then, Black History Month has gained official recognition from governments in the United States and Canada, and more recently, it has been observed in Ireland and the United Kingdom.

The Role of Juneteenth

While February is recognized as Black History Month, it is worth noting the significance of Juneteenth, which commemorates the announcement of the abolition of slavery in Texas on June 19, 1865. Juneteenth is a crucial event in the African American experience, but it is not yet widely recognized as a national holiday in the same way that Black History Month is.

Juneteenth is celebrated in June due to the logistical challenge of school schedules. Since schools are usually in session during the summer, June provides an opportunity for communities to hold gatherings and events without conflicting with academic calendars. However, as Juneteenth gains more recognition, some advocates have suggested that it could be officially recognized and celebrated more widely.

It is important to note that Black History Month and Juneteenth are supplementary, not contradictory observances. Each serves a unique purpose in commemorating different aspects of African American history and culture.

Conclusion

Black History Month is an essential reminder of the contributions and struggles of African Americans. The choice to observe it in February has historical and practical reasons, focusing on the birth months of influential figures and the availability of school calendars. While Juneteenth also holds significant importance, it is celebrated in June to align with the summer calendar. Both observances play crucial roles in celebrating and educating about African American history and culture.