Understanding Hindutva: Can an Atheist or Non-Religious Individual Embrace it as an Ideology?

Hindutva, a concept that has gained significant prominence in modern India, is often misunderstood as a straightforward religious ideology. However, it is important to recognize that Hindutva is not merely about religion; it is a broader concept that attempts to define the cultural and national identity of India. This article delves into the specifics of Hindutva, its origins, and whether it can accommodate individuals who do not follow any religion.

The Origins and Distinction of Hindutva

Hindutva as a concept was theorized and propagated by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar in his seminal work, “Essentials of Hindutva,” published in 1923. Savarkar defined Hindutva based on two key criteria: Pitrubhumi (the land of one's ancestors or birth) and Punyabhumi (the land of the sacred or one's place of pilgrimage). According to Savarkar, if a person's Pitrubhumi and Punyabhumi both lie within the boundaries of India, then they can be considered genuine citizens of India.

The Religious Dimension of Hindutva

It is crucial to understand that Hindutva is not synonymous with Hinduism, though a significant portion of the Indian population adheres to Hindu beliefs. Hindutva is more about cultural and national identity rather than religious affiliations. Savarkar’s definition excludes other religions, particularly those with diaspora or global presence, from qualifying as genuine Indian citizens under his strict interpretation.

Exclusion of Other Religions

According to Savarkar’s concept, only Hindus, Sikhs, and Jains, whose holy lands (Punyabhumi) are within India, are considered true citizens. For instance, if a person’s Pitrubhumi is in India but their Punyabhumi is elsewhere, they would fall under a different category. This applies to religions like Judaism, where practitioners have Punyabhumi outside of India.

Can Non-Religious Individuals Embrace Hindutva?

The question of whether an atheist or a non-religious individual can identify with Hindutva as an ideology is multifaceted. Here are some points to consider:

Non-Religious Identity: Non-religious individuals often define their identity through values, cultural practices, and secular principles rather than religious affiliations. This can potentially align with Hindutva’s emphasis on cultural and national identity. Secular and Nationalistic Ideals: Hindutva can be distinguished from religious Hinduism and can be more about secular patriotism and national pride. Non-religious individuals who share these ideals might find Hindutva appealing. Critiques and Relevance: However, Hindutva is often criticized for its religious undertones and exclusionary practices. Non-religious individuals may find these aspects problematic and might not feel comfortable aligning with it.

Conclusion

In conclusion, while Hindutva is fundamentally rooted in religious concepts, it can be flexibly interpreted to accommodate individuals who do not follow any religion, particularly if they resonate with its broader ideals of cultural and national identity. However, the dominant religious framework and potential exclusionary practices may pose significant barriers for some non-religious individuals.

Understanding Hindutva as an ideological framework rather than a religious one can help in evaluating its suitability for diverse identities within the Indian context.