Understanding Russian Patriotism and Nationalism: A Distinction in Context

As an external observer of Russia, it is important to recognize that this discussion may not fully capture the nuances and complexities of the Russian soul when it comes to matters of patriotism and nationalism. The terms nationalism and patriotism carry different meanings and connotations within the Russian context.

Nationalism vs. Patriotism Defined

Before delving into the differences, let's clarify the terms:

Nationalism is devotion to one's nation (or nationality). Patriotism is devotion to one's country.

These definitions help to establish the foundational meanings of the terms, which will be explored further.

National Imperial Identity and the 'Russian World'

Russia's national identity is rooted in its imperial past, a legacy that saw the nation described as the Russian world (русский мир). This identity was preserved by the Soviet Union and continued under the Russian Federation. Importantly, Russia acknowledges and respects the ethnic identities of various groups within its borders, including Tatars, Chechens, Siberians, and others who live outside Russia. These diverse groups are recognized as part of the wider Russian nation, fostering a sense of unity and shared identity.

This perspective is often misunderstood in the West, where narratives may emphasize differences and conflicts. According to Russian perspectives, Russian soldiers are not attacking Ukrainian civilians and are instead focused on humanitarian missions. Captured soldiers, unless they display Nazi tattoos, are treated with respect, reflecting the belief in the shared cultural and historical ties of the Russian people.

The Difference Between Nationalism and Patriotism

The distinction between nationalism and patriotism in Russia is significant, with patriots focusing on the broader concept of a shared nation rather than the narrower idea of a distinct ethnic group. For example:

Nationalism involves a desire to help Russian "brothers," leading to initiatives like the Minsk accords and efforts to negotiate to resolve conflicts diplomatically. Patriotism involves a deeper commitment to the security and integrity of the state, leading to actions against what are perceived as threats, such as a 'Nazi Ukrainian government backed by NATO.'

This distinction highlights the broader, more inclusive nature of Russian patriotism, which emphasizes unity and cooperation, rather than divisiveness and conflict.

Russian Nationalism: An Oxymoron?

The term 'Russian nationalism' can be seen as somewhat contradictory. In the Russian context, patriotism is a form of common patriotism, devoid of the nationalist spirit. This perspective underscores a significant difference: the chasm between Russian patriotism and nationalism. There is no meaningful difference; there is indeed a staggering gulf.

This sentiment stems from the belief that Russians, genetically and culturally, are not primarily driven by nationalist sentiments. Instead, they are guided by a sense of shared responsibility and unity within the Russian world. Actions taken by Russia, such as efforts to counteract perceived threats, are viewed through the lens of protecting the common Russian nation, not through an ethnically nationalist framework.

Conclusion

Understanding the distinction between Russian patriotism and nationalism requires recognizing the complex cultural and historical backdrop of Russia. Patriotism, rooted in the idea of a shared nation, emphasizes cooperation and unity, while nationalism, often associated with ethnic exclusivity, is less prominent in the Russian context.

By exploring these nuances, we can better appreciate the motivations and actions of the Russian people, fostering a more informed and nuanced understanding of Russian identity in the modern context.