Understanding the Meaning and Origin of 'Mugwump'

The term 'mugwump' is a political term that originated in the early 19th century in the United States. It refers to a person who is politically aloof, typically someone who is independent or reluctant to fully endorse any political candidate, much like someone who is 'on one side of the fence while their mug is on the other.' This unique term has its roots in both political history and linguistic evolution, making it a fascinating subject for exploration.

Etymology and Origin of 'Mugwump'

The word 'mugwump' did not exist in Old English but emerged in the early 19th century as a humorous term for a boss or a significant figure in authority. It is derived from the Algonquian Natick word, 'muquomp,' which means 'important person,' and evolved further into 'mugumquomp,' meaning 'war leader.' By the 1840s, the term was being used satirically to describe someone who believed they were important. In 1884, it gained a specific political dimension when a group of Republicans refused to support their party’s presidential candidate, James G. Blaine, due to corruption issues, and instead endorsed the Democratic candidate, Grover Cleveland.

Controversial Etymology: 'Mugwort'

While 'mugwump' has a clear and well-documented origin, the etymology of 'mugwort' is more complex and there are several theories. According to Wikipedia, 'mugwort' is believed to have its roots in various Old English and Old Norse words, as well as a folk etymology based on coincidental sounds.

The Anglo-Saxon Context

The term 'mugwort' appears in the Anglo-Saxon 'Nine Herbs Charm,' where it is described as 'mucgwyrt.' This reference dates back to the Anglo-Saxon era, indicating the ancient use of this plant in herbal remedies and charms. The folk etymology of 'mugwort' from 'muggi' (meaning 'German wuertz' or 'German wort') or 'mucg-' (possibly related to 'myg-' meaning 'midge') and 'wyrt' (meaning 'herb' in Old English) provides a plausible yet less likely origin.

Old Norse and Old High German Influences

Other theories propose that 'mugwort' comes from the Old Norse word 'muggi' and the Old High German 'wuertz' (or 'wort' in English), meaning 'plant.' This etymology suggests a connection to the plant's use in traditional medicine and its historical significance in European cultures.

Conclusion

The term 'mugwump' reflects the political climate of the 19th century and has evolved to describe individuals who maintain an independent political stance. Meanwhile, the 'mugwort' plant, an important herb in both historical and contemporary medicine, continues to intrigue scholars with its various etymological theories. Whether 'mugwump' refers to someone on one side of the political fence or 'mugwort' is derived from Old Norse or Old High German, these words offer rich insights into language and history.