Was Periyar E.V. Ramasamy One of the Most Controversial Reformers of 20th Century India?

Periyar E.V. Ramasamy, commonly referred to as Periyar, was a towering figure in the history of 20th century India. Often hailed as one of the most powerful reformers of his time, Periyar’s impact on the socio-political landscape of India was profound and multifaceted. However, his devotion to radical changes often led to controversy and heated debates. Was he indeed one of the most controversial reformers of 20th century India?

Periyar’s Role Beyond Politics

The title 'periyar' is a Tamil honorific meaning 'great soul,' bestowed on Periyar due to his immense contributions to society. Contrary to common misconceptions, Periyar was never a politician in the traditional sense. He dedicated his life to social reform, particularly focusing on the eradication of religious and social atrocities. His work was driven not by a desire for political power, but by a profound commitment to bringing about societal change.

Periyar’s approach to reform was unique and innovative. Unlike many political leaders of his time who sought power and visibility, Periyar believed in the true spirit of reform. He used various means to achieve his goals, often bypassing the conventional political channels. His methods included public speaking, written and spoken dialogues, and even the formation of political parties like the Dravida Kazhagam (DK), which was more of a social movement than a traditional political party.

Periyar’s Legacy in Social Reforms

Periyar’s contributions to social reform were numerous and far-reaching. He was a champion of several causes, including the fight against untouchability, caste discrimination, and religious fanaticism. One of his most significant contributions was his advocacy for women’s empowerment, which aligns him closely with figures like Jyotirao Phule and Savitribai Phule. He launched a movement against the oppressive practices within Brahminical institutions such as Sati and child marriage, and promoted women’s education and economic independence.

The Controversy

Despite his many positive impacts, Periyar’s methods and statements often stirred controversy. One of his most infamous statements, which drew significant criticism, was his assertion that women, particularly those in the Brahmin community, were immoral and needed to be educated and reformed. This view is still a subject of debate among scholars and historians. Periyar’s approach was not without its critics, as some argued that his strategies could be seen as patronizing and patriarchal.

Furthermore, his relentless campaign against religious orthodoxy, including his famous declaration to classify Brahmins as outcasts, sparked intense opposition. His calls for social equality often put him at odds with conservative religious and societal elements, leading to numerous confrontations and even physical altercations. These controversies surrounding Periyar highlight the polarizing nature of his reforms and the dialogue they engendered within Indian society.

A Figure of Resilience and Progression

Throughout his life, Periyar maintained a steadfast commitment to social justice and equality. His actions, though often controversial, were driven by a deep-seated belief in the dignity and autonomy of all individuals, regardless of caste, religion, or gender. Periyar’s legacy remains a testament to the power of relentless, principled reform in shaping the course of history.

Conclusion

Was Periyar E.V. Ramasamy one of the most controversial reformers of 20th century India? The answer lies in the complexity of his life’s work. While his contributions to social reform were immense and transformative, his methods and statements certainly sparked controversy. However, it is this very controversy that underscores the profound impact of his reforms and the ongoing relevance of his ideas.

References

1. Srinivasan, Rajani. The Life and Founder of Dravida Kazhagam, 1925-1975. New Delhi: Orient Longman, 1988. 2. Swapna, N. 'Dr Ambedkar and E V Ramasamy Periyar: Their Intellectual Tussle'. Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, vol. 89, 2008, pp. 101-107.