Why Did French Aristocrats Wear Wigs?
Why Did French Aristocrats Wear Wigs?
Have you ever wondered why French aristocrats in the 18th century would don elaborate wigs instead of wearing their own hair? The answer is rooted in the social norms, practicalities, and fashion trends of the time.
The Inevitability of Wigs
Practical Considerations: In the 1700s, the problem was far from being confined to the wealthy alone. Fleas, lice, and other vermin were a common occurrence in society, both among the aristocracy and the lower classes. Chemical compounds to kill these pests were not yet invented, making the environment ripe for infestations.
Habitual Impropriety: Regular washing of hair was not a widespread practice among all societal classes. People's hair tended to be frizzy and unruly due to a lack of proper hair care products. This made it difficult to maintain neat and stylish hairstyles. Pomade, a popular hair product used today, was not yet in existence, leaving people's hair in a less controlled state.
The Importance of Presentation
Enhancing Elegance: Upon dressing in their finest attire, which included silk stockings and intricately designed leather slippers, the choice of a well-set wig became essential. A sprightly mess of natural hair was simply not in line with the refined aesthetics expected of a French aristocrat. A well-defined wig provided a sleek and sophisticated appearance, making the overall outfit more presentable and the wearer more confident in their social standing.
The Social and Historical Context
Perception of Cleanliness: During the 18th century in France, bathing or taking regular showers was often considered a practice of the lower classes. It was not until later that the higher echelons of society adopted this practice. As a result, many aristocrats might have faced the problem of matted, stinky hair, full of bugs. This reality reinforced the need for wigs among the elite.
Perfume as a Solution: To mask the odor and maintain a certain level of social acceptance, perfume became an indispensable accessory for the aristocracy. Its use was not only for personal scent but also as a sign of status and good taste. As the wealthy indulged in this practice, perfume became more widely adopted and seen as a necessary component of social etiquette.
The Role of Wigs in Society
Symbol of Distinction: Wigs served as a symbol of wealth and social distinction. They could be made from human hair or horse hair and were often elaborately styled with long, thick locks. Wigs were so important that their quality and grandeur could even indicate the social standing and financial health of the individual who wore them.
Economic and Practical Benefits: Wigs were a practical solution to the common problems of infestations and poor hygiene. While these wigs were not cheap, their purchase and maintenance were seen as an investment in one's social standing and economic status. The finer the wig, the higher the wearer's social rank was perceived to be in many circles.
Conclusion
In summary, the practice of wearing wigs by French aristocrats was a multifaceted solution to the practical and fashionable challenges of the era. Beyond mere aesthetics, wigs were emblematic of social status, cleanliness, and elegance, ensuring that the upper classes looked their best at all times. Understanding the reasons behind this custom provides us with valuable insights into the cultural and historical context of French society during the 18th century.