Why Do Westerners, Especially Women, Join ISIS?

The phenomenon of Western individuals, particularly women, joining extremist organizations such as ISIS is a complex issue that often intertwines with cultural, psychological, and religious dynamics. While some elements of this phenomenon can indeed be analyzed through a lens of rebellion and identity crisis, the underlying motivations are far more nuanced.

The Motivations of Extremism

For many Westerners, engagement with extremist ideologies often stems from a deep-seated desire for belonging and a sense of purpose. In the case of ISIS, individuals are drawn to the idea of joining a powerful and ideologically-driven movement. The violence and bravado associated with joining such groups reel in individuals seeking an edgy and impactful lifestyle. Men, such as those who join Antifa or engage in similar causes, find a similar sense of camaraderie and a platform to espouse progressive ideologies.

The Role of Women in Recruitment

Women, in particular, are often crucial in the recruitment process for groups like ISIS. Historical and religious texts provide a framework for understanding why women are viewed as such an essential asset. For instance, in Islamic teachings, women are sometimes seen as 'land'—much like fertile soil that can support the growth of a new community. The idea is that fertile soil needs to be cultivated, and women, through their role in the community, can nurture the growth of this new society.

Psychological and Social Factors

Social psychologists suggest that certain psychological and social factors can contribute to an individual's decision to join extremist groups. Stockholm Syndrome, for example, where an individual endorses and supports a captor due to prolonged exposure, can be relevant. Similarly, unresolved relationship issues, particularly in the context of conflicting family dynamics and a quest for a sense of identity, can drive individuals towards such groups. Furthermore, the allure of a strong, authoritative figure, especially someone who fits the 'prototype' of a charismatic leader, can be a significant factor for both men and women.

The Convert's Zeal

Especially among converts to Islam, the phenomenon of 'convert's zeal' is prevalent. Converts often seek a full immersion into the faith, finding solace and purpose in the rigors of following strict religious practices. This zeal, however, can sometimes lead individuals towards extremist ideologies, which offer an extreme and uncompromising version of religion. Converts may find a sense of belonging and purpose within radical communities, which can be gratifying. This is not unique to converts; young people born in the West with Muslim backgrounds who are part of mainstream Islamic communities can also fall prey to similar zealous movements, eventually leading to radicalization and joining extremist groups like ISIS.

A Personal Insight

My personal observations and experiences are that of a child from a different background. Like many, I have followed several cases of individuals ultimately joining ISIS over the years. The common thread in these individuals is a quest for a deeper and more profound form of piety and a sense of belonging. They often find a cause in Islam and a way to fulfill their spiritual and social aspirations. For many converts, being fully Muslim can mean embracing a more austere form of religious practice, which can be more 'skin in the game' in terms of religious devotion.

The Spiral of Radicalization

Even those born into Muslim communities but raised in mainstream Islamic practices can fall into the web of radicalization. It often starts with a desire to align more closely with strict religious guidelines and community expectations. The sense of belonging and validation within these communities can be powerful, and for some, it can be a path towards further radicalization. This is not limited to white Western kids who were not raised in Islam; there are cases of diverse individuals from around the world who seek a deep sense of purpose and belonging through radical Islamic movements.

A Case Study

A personal acquaintance of mine vividly exemplifies this phenomenon. Growing up confused and lost, she joined a radical Islamic community that, while not ISIS, shared many of the same principles. She sought an identity and a sense of belonging, and the strict adherence to religious practices gave her a sense of purpose. Following the community's rules and rituals, she felt that she was gaining the favor of Allah and even believed that she was valuable to her community. This sense of purpose and belonging manifested in her marriage to an arranged partner, and she followed the community's directives without question. However, her journey took a turn when 9/11 occurred. Her community welcomed the event with a mix of satisfaction and excitement, which brought her face-to-face with the extreme nature of her beliefs.

While she eventually left the community and dissolved her marriage, her experience highlights the complex psychological and social underpinnings that can lead individuals to join extremist groups. The allure of identity, purpose, and acceptance can be powerful, and it is essential to understand these factors in addressing the issue of radicalization.

Understanding the motivations and factors behind individuals joining groups like ISIS is crucial for developing strategies to prevent and address radicalization. It involves recognizing the complexities of individual journeys, cultural dynamics, and psychological influences.