Why Jains Refuse to Consider the Buddha as a Tirthankara
Why Jains Refuse to Consider the Buddha as a Tirthankara
It is a common misconception that the Buddha, like Guru Nanak or Laozi, could be considered a Tirthankara by Jains. The answer to this lies in the fundamental teachings and characteristics of Jainism and its belief system regarding enlightenment and spiritual perfection. This article delves into the reasons why Jains do not recognize the Buddha as a Tirthankara, based on the principles of Jain philosophy.
The Role of Vegetarianism in Jainism
At the core of the controversy is the importance of vegetarianism in Jainism. Jains adhere to strict vegetarianism, or sometimes even veganism, because they believe that it helps them avoid killing living beings. The idea is simple: without harming any living beings, one can achieve the highest level of compassion, which is essential for becoming a Tirthankara. Since the Buddha did not advocate for strict vegetarianism as a religious obligation, he couldn't measure up to the criteria set by Jains for spiritual enlightenment.
Defining Tirthankara: 12 Unique Characteristics
To understand why the Buddha is not considered a Tirthankara, we need to look at the 12 unique characteristics that define a Tirthankara. These attributes are believed to be possessed by a Tirthankara upon their attainment of Keval-jnan, or infinite knowledge, and further bestowed by spiritual beings.
The Four Main Attributes or Atishaya
Vachan Atishaya: A Tirthankara delivers an extraordinary sermon that resonates deeply and universally. Jnn Atishaya: This sermon is comprehended and understood by all human beings, animals, and celestial beings in their native languages. Puj Atishaya: A Tirthankara is honored and worshipped by all mundane souls in the universe. Apygam Atishaya: The vicinity of a Tirthankara is free from calamities and diseases.Jain literature also states that the four Anant Chatushtay – Infinite Knowledge, Infinite Perception, Perfect Conduct, and Infinite Energy – are the four main attributes. These are key to achieving the highest level of enlightenment in Jain philosophy.
The Eight Pratihrya
Simhsan: A divine seat where the Tirthankara preaches. Bhmandal: A halo around the Tirthankara’s head that signifies divine presence. Chmar: Fans carried by celestial beings to honor the Tirthankara. Chhatra Traya: A three-piece divine canopy symbolizing the Tirthankara's sovereignty over all regions, including heaven, earth, and hell. Ashok Vruksha: The Asoka tree under which the Tirthankara preaches. Pushpa Vristi: A continuous shower of fragrant flowers. Deva Dundubhi: A divine announcement declaring the sermon. Divya Dhvani: Celestial music that accompanies the Tirthankara’s sermon.Together, these 12 unique characteristics and 34 attributes (34 Atishaya) represent the complete form of a Tirthankara as envisioned in Jain philosophy. The absence of these attributes in the Buddha's life and teachings is the primary reason why Jains do not consider him a Tirthankara.
The Importance of Strict Vegetarianism for Tirthankara Status
Stricter adherence to the principles of Ahimsa (non-violence) is a critical criterion for attaining Tirthankara status in Jainism. The Buddha, while a great and influential teacher, did not mandate strict vegetarianism as a religious requirement. His teachings emphasized the cessation of desire and the accumulation of merit through virtuous living, but they did not prescribe a strict vegetarian diet as a means to achieve spiritual perfection.
It is important to note that the judgment of whether someone can or cannot achieve Tirthankara status is a philosophical and spiritual consideration, not a criticism of the Buddha's teachings. Many Buddhists and Jains recognize and respect the contributions of the Buddha to spiritual and ethical living, even if they do not categorize him as a Tirthankara.
Conclusion
While the Buddha left an indelible mark on the world and was undoubtedly a spiritual and moral role model, as per the criteria set by Jainism, he is not recognized as a Tirthankara. The principles and attributes required for a Tirthankara, including the importance of strict vegetarianism, are essential in Jainism's view of spiritual enlightenment.