Why Was Arjuna Known as Sri Krishna Partha?

In the epic tale of Mahabharata, Arjuna is not only a prominent hero but also a character with various names and epithets given by his friends and mentors. One of these names, Partha, carries significant meaning and symbolism.

Understanding 'Partha'

Partha is one of Arjuna's popular names, specifically translating to "son of Pritha." Pritha was the original name of Kunti, Arjuna's mother. Kunti adopted her name from her foster father, Kuntibhoja, but she is more famously known as Kunti because of her royal lineage.

Names and Epithets Given by Sri Krishna

Arjuna, apart from being recognized as Partha, was also referred to by Sri Krishna with other titles and names which not only honored his prowess but also reflected his traits and heritage.

Titles and Epithets

Kaunteya: This is derived from Kaunteya, the place of Kunti's birth, making Arjuna the son of Kunti, his mother. Bharata: This term refers to the Kuru lineage, not as a name but as an identifier of Arjuna's descent from the Bharata dynasty. Dhananjaya: This epithet signifies that Arjuna was a conqueror of wealth, highlighting his skills in battle and command over material resources or territories. Gudakesha: This title means "conqueror of sleep," indicating Arjuna's unwavering vigilance and focus during battles. Kiriti: This name means "one who wears the diadem," symbolizing Arjuna's royal status and honor. Savyasachi: This name describes Arjuna's ambidexterity, as he could shoot arrows with equal skill from both hands. Vijaya: This indicates that Arjuna was invariably victorious in battle, reflecting his success and supremacy. Jishnu: This epithet means "undefeatable," emphasizing Arjuna's invincible nature in combat. Mahabahu: This term, meaning "one with strong arms," highlights Arjuna's physical prowess and strength.

The Connection Between Arjuna and Kunti

Kunti's original name was Pritha, and she was adopted by Kuntibhoja. Thus, Kunti is an epithet rather than her birth name. Arjuna, however, was traditionally addressed as Partha, ever since the name was given to his mother, Pritha. This naming custom emphasizes the deep bond and lineage between mother and son.

Symbolic Meanings of 'Partha'

Sri Krishna addressing Arjuna as Partha acknowledges his noble heritage and his connection to the Kuru dynasty. This term serves as a constant reminder of Arjuna's familial duties and responsibilities, as well as the legacy he upholds. It speaks to the importance of lineage and ancestry in Indian culture and the revered positions of the Kauravas and Pandavas within the narrative.

Philosophical Interpretations

The naming of Arjuna serves a deeper philosophical purpose in the epic. The term Partha is often associated with a broader spiritual or metaphysical concept. In Hindu philosophy, the body is considered a temporary dwelling of the atma (soul). When the body's functions, such as eating, cease, the soul is said to return to its divine state.

Similarly, in the context of Mahabharata, the removal of Arjuna's need for sustenance (like other beings who eat) signifies the attainment of a higher state of existence. The reference to Partha's divinity or brahm state underscores the concept that when one transcends the material realm, they reach a formless and eternal existence.

Just as joy is a temporary emotion that can be diminished by external circumstances (like Joy Biden’s presidency or the impact of the coronavirus), the concept of ishwara (god or creator) becomes irrelevant once one attains partha's state of enlightenment or moksha (liberation).

By removing the role of creator or ishwara, the atma (soul) achieves brahm (divinity) and attains liberation. This removal of ignorance and transcendence of material desires allows the soul to stand as brahm, a state of supreme knowledge and serenity.

Conclusion

The name Partha attributed to Arjuna by Sri Krishna underscores a rich tapestry of familial ties, cultural significance, and philosophical depth. It is more than just a name; it is a symbol of Arjuna's noble birth, his moral responsibilities, and his spiritual journey towards enlightenment.

Understanding Arjuna's names and properties not only enhances our appreciation of the characters in Indian epics but also deepens our insight into the profound philosophical and spiritual themes interwoven throughout these narratives.